A na-atụpụta usoro mmụta na-enweghị nlekọta iji chọpụta mpaghara gburugburu ebe obibi mmiri zuru ụwa ọnụ (eco-provinces) dabere na nhazi obodo plankton yana data ngbanwe nri.Usoro agbakwunyere n'ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi (SAGE) nwere ike ịchọpụta mpaghara gburugburu ebe obibi n'ụdị usoro gburugburu ebe obibi na-enweghị oke.Iji megharia na nchikota nke na-abụghị Gaussian nke data, SAGE na-eji t random agbata obi agbakwunyere (t-SNE) iji belata nha.Site n'enyemaka nke ngwa mkpọtụ dabere na njupụta nke dabere na mkpokọta oghere (DBSCAN) algọridim, enwere ike mata ihe karịrị otu narị mpaghara gburugburu ebe obibi.N'iji maapụ njikọta nwere ọdịiche dị na gburugburu ebe obibi dị ka ihe dị anya, a na-akọwapụta mpaghara gburugburu ebe obibi siri ike (AEP) nke ọma site na mpaghara gburugburu ebe obibi.N'iji AEPs, a nyochara njikwa ọnụọgụ nri na nhazi obodo.Eco-province na AEP pụrụ iche ma nwee ike inye aka nkọwa nlereanya.Ha nwere ike ịkwado ntụnyere n'etiti ụdị ma nwee ike ịkwalite nghọta na nleba anya nke gburugburu ebe obibi mmiri.
Mpaghara bụ mpaghara ebe a na-ahazi usoro ihe omimi dị mgbagwoju anya na oke osimiri ma ọ bụ ala ka ọ bụrụ mpaghara dị n'otu na nke bara uru (1).Mpaghara ndị a dị ezigbo mkpa maka iji atụnyere na iche, na-akọwapụta nleba anya, nlekota na nchekwa.Mkparịta ụka dị mgbagwoju anya na nke na-abụghị nke na-emepụta ógbè ndị a na-eme ka usoro mmụta igwe na-enweghị nlekọta (ML) dabara adaba maka ikpebi ógbè nke ọma, n'ihi na nkwekọ dị na data dị mgbagwoju anya na nke na-abụghị Gaussian.N'ebe a, a na-atụpụta usoro ML, nke na-egosipụta n'usoro n'usoro na-akọwapụta mpaghara gburugburu ebe obibi mmiri pụrụ iche (eco-provinces) site na Darwin zuru ụwa ọnụ atọ akụkụ (3D) ụdị anụ ahụ / gburugburu ebe obibi (2).A na-eji okwu ahụ bụ "pụrụiche" gosi na mpaghara ahụ amataghị nke ọma na mpaghara ndị ọzọ.A na-akpọ usoro a usoro System Integrated Ecological Province (SAGE).Iji mee nhazi ọkwa bara uru, usoro algọridim kwesịrị ikwe ka (i) nhazi ọkwa zuru ụwa ọnụ na (ii) nyocha ọtụtụ ọnụọgụ nke enwere ike ịgbakọ / chịkọta na oghere na oge (3).N'ime nyocha a, a na-ebu ụzọ mee usoro SAGE na mpaghara ebe obibi ndị a chọpụtara.Mpaghara gburugburu nwere ike ịkwalite nghọta nke ihe ndị na-achịkwa nhazi obodo, na-enye nghọta bara uru maka atụmatụ nleba anya, ma nyere aka soro mgbanwe dị na gburugburu ebe obibi.
A na-ekewa ógbè ndị dị n'ụwa dịka myirịta dị na ihu igwe (mmiri mmiri na okpomọkụ), ala, ahịhịa, na anụ ọhịa, a na-ejikwa ya maka nlekọta inyeaka, nchọpụta ihe dị iche iche dị iche iche, na ịchịkwa ọrịa (1, 4).Mpaghara mmiri siri ike ịkọwa.Ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndị dị ndụ bụ obere ihe, nwere oke mmiri.Longhurst et al.(5) Enyere otu n'ime nhazi ọkwa ụwa mbụ nke Ministry of Oceanography dabere na ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi.Nkọwa nke mpaghara “Longhurst” ndị a gụnyere mgbanwe dị iche iche dị ka ịgwakọta ọnụego, stratification, na irradiance, yana ahụmịhe ogologo Longhurst dị ka onye na-ahụ maka oke osimiri, onye nwere ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ dị mkpa maka usoro gburugburu mmiri.A na-eji Longhurst mee ihe nke ukwuu, dịka ọmụmaatụ, iji nyochaa mmepụta nke mbụ na ikuku carbon, inye aka azụ azụ, na atụmatụ n'ime ọrụ nlele ọnọdụ (5-9).Iji kọwapụta mpaghara n'ụzọ ziri ezi, ụzọ dị ka mgbagha na-enweghị isi na nchịkọta/ọnụọgụ na-enweghị nlekọta mpaghara ejirila (9-14).Ebumnuche nke ụzọ ndị dị otú ahụ bụ ịchọpụta ihe owuwu bara uru nke nwere ike ịchọpụta mpaghara na data nlele dị.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mpaghara mmiri dị ike (12) na-eji maapụ nhazi onwe ya iji belata mkpọtụ, na-eji nchịkọta usoro (osisi dabere) iji chọpụta ngwaahịa agba mmiri sitere na satịlaịtị mpaghara [chlorophyll a (Chl-a), ogologo ahịrị Fluorescence na-agbanwe agbanwe na acha etisasịwo organic okwu] na anụ ahụ ubi (osimiri elu okpomọkụ na salinity, zuru ike topography na oké osimiri ice).
Ọdịdị obodo nke plankton bụ ihe na-echegbu onwe ya n'ihi na ihe ndị dị ndụ ya nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu n'ọkwa nri dị elu, nnabata carbon na ihu igwe.Agbanyeghị, ọ ka bụ ebumnuche siri ike na nke siri ike ịchọpụta mpaghara gburugburu ebe obibi zuru ụwa ọnụ dabere na nhazi obodo plankton.Satellites agba mmiri nwere ike inye nghọta na nhazi ọkwa nke phytoplankton na-enweghị isi ma ọ bụ tụọ uru nke otu ndị na-arụ ọrụ (15), mana ha enweghị ike ịnye ozi zuru ezu na nhazi obodo.Nnyocha e mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya [dịka Tara Ocean (16)] na-enye nha nke usoro obodo na-enwetụbeghị ụdị ya;ugbu a, enwere naanị nleba anya n'ime ọnọdụ n'ogo zuru ụwa ọnụ (17).Nnyocha ndị gara aga ekpebiela nke ukwuu "Biogeochemical Province" (12, 14, 18) dabere na mkpebi nke myirịta biochemical (dị ka mmepụta mbụ, Chl na ìhè dịnụ).N'ebe a, a na-eji ụdị ọnụọgụ na-emepụta [Darwin(2)], na mpaghara gburugburu ebe obibi na-ekpebisi ike dịka nhazi obodo na nrịbama nri.Ụdị ọnụọgụgụ ejiri mee ihe n'ọmụmụ ihe a nwere mkpuchi zuru ụwa ọnụ na enwere ike iji ya tụnyere data ubi dị ugbu a (17) na mpaghara nhụta anya (Nrịbama S1).Ihe omuma ihe omuma nke ejiri mee ihe n'ime ihe omumu a nwere uru nke mkpuchi uwa nile.Usoro gburugburu ebe obibi ihe atụ nwere ụdị phytoplankton 35 na ụdị zooplankton iri na isii (biko rụtụ aka na ihe na ụzọ).Ụdị plankton ụdị na-emekọ ihe n'ụzọ na-abụghị nke Gaussian, yabụ ụzọ nyocha dị mfe adabaghị maka ịchọpụta usoro pụrụ iche na nke na-agbanwe agbanwe na nhazi obodo na-apụta.Usoro SAGE ewepụtara ebe a na-enye ụzọ ọhụụ iji lelee mmepụta nke ụdị Darwin dị mgbagwoju anya.
Ike mgbanwe dị ike nke sayensị data/teknụzụ ML nwere ike mee ka usoro ihe nlere anya dị mgbagwoju anya kpughee ihe dị mgbagwoju anya ma sie ike na nchikota data.A kọwapụtara usoro siri ike dị ka ụzọ nwere ike iji ikwesị ntụkwasị obi mepụtaghachi nsonaazụ n'ime oke mperi enyerela.Ọbụna na usoro dị mfe, ịchọpụta ụkpụrụ siri ike na akara nwere ike ịbụ ihe ịma aka.Ruo mgbe a ga-ekpebi ezi uche na-eduga na ụkpụrụ ahụ a na-ahụ anya, mgbagwoju anya na-apụta nwere ike iyi ihe mgbagwoju anya / siri ike idozi.Isi usoro nke ịtọ ihe mejupụtara nke gburugburu ebe obibi bụ ihe na-abụghị nke okike.Ịdị adị nke mmekọrịta na-abụghị nke linear nwere ike ịmegharị nhazi nhazi siri ike, n'ihi ya, ọ dị mkpa iji zere ụzọ ndị na-eme ka echiche siri ike banyere nkesa ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ bụ isi nke nchịkọta data.Ihe omuma di elu na nke na-adighi n'onu bu ihe a na-ahụkarị na oceanography ma nwee ike inwe nhazi nchikota nke nwere mgbagwoju anya, nke na-abụghị Gaussian topology.Ọ bụ ezie na data nwere usoro ngbanwe na-abụghị nke Gaussian nwere ike igbochi nhazi ọkwa siri ike, usoro SAGE bụ ihe ọhụrụ n'ihi na emebere ya iji chọpụta ụyọkọ nwere topologies aka ike.
Ebumnuche nke usoro SAGE bụ iji kpachapụ anya chọpụta ụkpụrụ na-apụta nke nwere ike inye aka n'ịghọta n'ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi.N'ịgbaso usoro ọrụ dabere na ụyọkọ nke yiri (19), a na-eji mgbanwe mgbanwe gburugburu ebe obibi na nri na-edozi ahụ iji chọpụta naanị ụyọkọ dị na data ahụ, nke a na-akpọ mpaghara gburugburu.Usoro SAGE a tụrụ aro na ọmụmụ ihe a (Njirimara 1) buru ụzọ belata nha site na 55 ruo 11 akụkụ site n'ịchịkọta ndị na-arụ ọrụ plankton kọwapụtara a priori (lee ihe na ụzọ).N'iji usoro ntinye onye agbata obi t-random (t-SNE), a na-ebelata nha site n'ichepụta ihe gbasara puru omume n'ime oghere 3D.Ụyọkọ anaghị elekọta ya nwere ike ịchọpụta ebe dị nso na gburugburu ebe obibi [nchịkọta oghere dabere na density (DBSCAN) maka ngwa dabere na mkpọtụ].Ma t-SNE na DBSCAN dabara na data ụdị ọnụọgụgụ gburugburu ebe obibi na-abụghị ahịrị.Mgbe ahụ megharịa ógbè gburugburu ebe obibi na-akpata n'ụwa.Achọpụtala ihe karịrị otu narị ógbè gburugburu ebe obibi pụrụ iche, dabara maka nyocha mpaghara.Iji tulee usoro gburugburu ụwa na-agbanwe agbanwe, a na-eji usoro SAGE iji chịkọta mpaghara gburugburu ebe obibi na mpaghara mkpokọta gburugburu ebe obibi (AEP) iji kwalite ịdị irè nke mpaghara gburugburu ebe obibi.Enwere ike ịhazi ọkwa nchịkọta (nke a na-akpọ "mgbagwoju anya") na ọkwa nke nkọwa achọrọ.Kpebie ịdị mgbagwoju anya kacha nta nke AEP siri ike.Ihe na-elekwasị anya na nhọrọ bụ usoro SAGE ma na-enyocha ikpe AEP kachasị dị mgbagwoju anya iji chọpụta njikwa nke nhazi obodo mberede.Enwere ike nyochaa ụkpụrụ ndị ahụ iji nye nghọta gburugburu ebe obibi.Enwere ike iji usoro ewebata ebe a maka ntụnyere ihe nlere nke ukwuu, dịka ọmụmaatụ, site n'ịtụle ọnọdụ mpaghara gburugburu ebe obibi yiri nke a na-ahụ n'ụdị dị iche iche iji gosipụta ọdịiche na myirịta, ka atụnyere ụdị.
(A) Eserese eserese nke usoro ọrụ maka ikpebi mpaghara ebe obibi;iji nchikota n'ime otu na-arụ ọrụ iji belata data mbụ nke 55 na mmepụta ụdị 11, gụnyere biomass nke plankton na-arụ ọrụ/nri nri asaa na ọnụego nri anọ.Uru na-adịghị mma na ebe mkpuchi ice na-adịgide adịgide.A haziela data ahụ ma hazie ya.Nye data akụkụ 11 na t-SNE algọridim iji gosi mkpokọta njirimara yiri nke ahụ.DBSCAN ga-eji nlezianya họrọ ụyọkọ ahụ iji tọọ uru oke.N'ikpeazụ weghachi data ahụ na ntule latitude/longitude.Biko mara na a na-emeghachi usoro a ugboro iri n'ihi na enwere ike iwepụta ntakịrị enweghị usoro site na itinye t-SNE.(B) na-akọwa otu esi enweta AEP site na ikwugharị usoro ọrụ na (A) ugboro iri.Maka nke ọ bụla n'ime mmemme iri ndị a, a na-ekpebi matrix dissimilarity inter-provincial Bray-Curtis (BC) dabere na biomass nke ụdị phytoplankton 51.Kpebie ọdịiche BC dị n'etiti ógbè, site na mgbagwoju anya 1 AEP ruo mgbagwoju anya 115. Ihe akara BC bụ Longhurst Province setịpụrụ.
Usoro SAGE na-eji mmepụta nke ụdị ọnụọgụ anụ ahụ / gburugburu ebe obibi 3D zuru ụwa ọnụ iji kọwaa mpaghara ebe obibi [Darwin (2);lee Ngwa na Ụzọ yana Cheta S1].Ihe mejupụtara gburugburu ebe obibi bụ ụdị 35 nke phytoplankton na ụdị 16 nke zooplankton, nwere otu ọrụ arụrụ arụ ọrụ asaa: prokaryotes na eukaryotes dabara na gburugburu ebe nri dị ala, coccidia nwere mkpuchi calcium carbonate, na ntinye nitrogen dị arọ Nitrogen nri (na-efu efu. nri ndị dị mkpa), nke nwere ihe mkpuchi siliceous, nwere ike ime photosynthesis plankton ndị ọzọ na ịta nri agwakọta ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ na ndị na-azụ anụ zooplankton.Ogologo nha bụ 0.6 ruo 2500μm nha nha okirikiri.Nlereanya nkesa nke phytoplankton nha na nhazi ọrụ na-ejide njirimara niile a na-ahụ na satịlaịtị na nleba anya n'ime ọnọdụ (lee foto S1 ruo S3).Myirịta dị n'etiti ụdị ọnụọgụgụ na oke osimiri a hụrụ na-egosi na mpaghara akọwapụtara nke ihe nlereanya ahụ nwere ike ịdị na-adaba na oke osimiri dị na ọnọdụ.Biko mara na ihe nlereanya a na-ejide ụfọdụ ụdị phytoplankton dị iche iche, yana naanị ụfọdụ mmanye anụ ahụ na kemịkal nke oke osimiri.Usoro SAGE nwere ike ime ka ndị mmadụ ghọta nke ọma usoro njikwa mpaghara nke ụkpụrụ obodo ihe atụ.
Site n'ịgụnye naanị nchikota nke biomass elu (na nkezi oge nke afọ 20) n'ime otu ọrụ plankton ọ bụla, enwere ike ibelata nha data ahụ.Mgbe ọmụmụ ihe gara aga gosipụtara ọrụ ha dị mkpa n'ịtọ ntọala obodo, ọ gụnyekwara okwu ihu igwe maka nrịbama nri (onyinye nitrogen, ígwè, phosphate na silicic acid) [eg (20, 21)].Nchịkọta nke otu ndị na-arụ ọrụ na-ebelata nsogbu site na 55 (51 plankton na 4 nutrient fluxes) ruo 11 akụkụ.N'ime ọmụmụ ihe mbụ a, n'ihi njedebe mgbakọ na mwepụ nke algọridim nyere, a naghị atụle omimi na mgbanwe oge.
Usoro SAGE na-enwe ike ịchọpụta mmekọrịta dị mkpa n'etiti usoro ndị na-abụghị usoro na isi ihe dị iche iche nke mmekọrịta dị n'etiti otu biomass na-arụ ọrụ na nhazi nri.Iji data akụkụ 11 dabere na ụzọ mmụta dị anya Euclidean (dịka K-means) enweghị ike ịnweta mpaghara ndị a pụrụ ịdabere na ya na nke enwere ike imepụtagharị (19, 22).Nke a bụ n'ihi na ọ dịghị ọdịdị Gaussian dị na nkesa bụ isi nke covariance nke ihe ndị bụ isi na-akọwapụta mpaghara gburugburu ebe obibi.K-n'aka nke mkpụrụ ndụ Voronoi (ahịrị kwụ ọtọ) enweghị ike idowe nkesa na-abụghị nke Gaussian.
Biomass nke otu asaa na-arụ ọrụ plankton na nri nri anọ na-etolite vector dị akụkụ iri na otu.Ya mere, x bụ mpaghara vector na grid ihe atụ, ebe mmewere xi ọ bụla na-anọchite anya vector nwere akụkụ 11 akọwapụtara na grid kwụ ọtọ.Ndekọ ọ bụla i na-achọpụta n'ụzọ pụrụ iche ebe grid na sphere, ebe (lon, lat) = (ϕi, θi).Ọ bụrụ na biomass nke ụdị grid unit erughị 1.2 × 10-3mg Chl/m3 ma ọ bụ ọnụego mkpuchi ice karịrị 70%, a na-eji ndekọ data biomass wee tụfuo ya.A na-ahazi data ahụ na ịhazi ya, ya mere data niile dị na nso nke [0 ruo 1], a na-ewepụ ihe ọ pụtara ma mee ka ọ bụrụ ọdịiche dị n'otu.A na-eme nke a ka njirimara (biomass na flux nutrient) ghara ejedebe site na ọdịiche dị na oke nke ụkpụrụ omume.Nchịkọta kwesịrị ijide mmekọrịta ngbanwe site na isi ihe nwere ike ime n'etiti njirimara kama ịdị anya ala.Site n'ịkọwa anya ndị a, njirimara dị mkpa na-apụta, ebe nkọwa ndị na-adịghị mkpa na-atụfu.Site n'echiche nke gburugburu ebe obibi, nke a dị mkpa n'ihi na ụfọdụ ụdị phytoplankton nwere obere biomass nwere ike inwe mmetụta dị ukwuu nke biochemical, dị ka ntinye nitrogen site na nje diazotrophic.Mgbe ị na-ahazi na ịhazi data, a ga-eme ka ụdị covariates ndị a pụta ìhè.
Site n'imesi ike ịdị nso nke atụmatụ dị na oghere dị elu na ihe nnọchianya dị ala, a na-eji t-SNE algọridim mee ka mpaghara ndị yiri ya dị ugbu a doo anya.Ọrụ gara aga iji wuo netwọkụ akwara ozi miri emi maka ngwa nhụta anya ejiri t-SNE, nke gosipụtara nka ya n'ikewapụta isi ihe (23).Nke a bụ nzọụkwụ dị mkpa iji chọpụta ụyọkọ siri ike na data njirimara ahụ mgbe ị na-ezere ngwọta na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe (nrịbama S2).N'iji kernel Gaussian, t-SNE na-echekwa njirimara ndekọ nke data site na ịdepụta ihe ọ bụla dị elu ruo n'ókè nke oghere 3D, si otú ahụ hụ na ihe gbasara nke puru omume nke ihe yiri ya na ntụziaka dị elu na nke dị elu dị elu na elu- oghere akụkụ (24).Nyere otu ihe dị elu nke N x1,…,xN, algọridim t-SNE na-ebelata site na ibelata ọdịiche Kullback-Leibler (KL) (25).KL divergence bụ ihe nleba anya ka nkesa ihe gbasara omume si dị iche site na nkesa nke puru omume nke abụọ, ma nwee ike nyochaa nke ọma na enwere ike ịmekọrịta n'etiti ihe ngosi dị ala nke njirimara dị elu.Ọ bụrụ na xi bụ ihe i-th dị na oghere N-akụkụ, xj bụ ihe j-th dị na oghere N-akụkụ, yi bụ ihe i-th na oghere dị ala, na yj bụ ihe j-th dị ala. -dimensional space, mgbe ahụ t -SNE na-akọwapụta myirịta puru omume ppj∣i = exp(-∥xi-xj∥2/2σi2)∑k≠iexp(-∥xi-xk∥2/2σi2), na maka nhazi mbelata akụkụ. q∣j = (1+ ∥ yi-yj∥2)-1∑k≠i(1 +∥yj-yk∥2)-1
Onyonyo 2A na-egosi mmetụta nke ibelata biomass na ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ nke ngwakọta akụkụ 11 na 3D.Enwere ike iji ihe mkpali nke itinye t-SNE tụnyere mkpali nke isi ihe nyocha (PCA), nke na-eji àgwà dị iche iche na-emesi mpaghara / njirimara nke data ahụ ike, si otú ahụ belata nha.Achọpụtara na usoro t-SNE dị elu karịa PCA n'inye nsonaazụ a pụrụ ịdabere na ya na nke enwere ike ịtụgharị maka Eco-Ministry (lee Note S2).Nke a nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi na echiche orthogonality nke PCA adabaghị maka ịchọpụta mmekọrịta dị oke mkpa n'etiti njirimara mmekọrịta dị oke egwu, n'ihi na PCA na-elekwasị anya n'ụdị nkwekọrịta ahịrị ahịrị (26).Iji data nhụta anya, Lunga et al.(27) na-akọwa otu esi eji usoro SNE mee ka ọ pụta ìhè n'ụdị dị mgbagwoju anya na nke na-abụghị nke na-apụ na nkesa Gaussian.
(A) Ọnụego inye nri edoziri edozi, phytoplankton na zooplankton na-arụ ọrụ biomass nke t-SNE algọridim sere wee nwee agba site na mpaghara na-eji DBSCAN.Isi ihe ọ bụla na-anọchi anya isi ihe dị na oghere dị elu, dị ka egosiri na foto 6B, ọtụtụ isi ihe na-ejide.Ogwe na-ezo aka na "t-SNE" nha 1, 2 na 3. (B) Ntule ala nke ógbè nke DBSCAN chọtara na grid latitude-longitude nke mmalite.Agba kwesịrị ka a na-ewere dị ka agba ọ bụla, ma kwesịrị ikwekọ na (A).
Isi ihe dị na t-SNE gbasasịa na eserese 2A jikọtara ya na latitude na longitude.Ọ bụrụ na isi ihe abụọ dị na eserese 2A dị nso na ibe ha, ọ bụ n'ihi na ha biomass na nhịahụ na-edozi ahụ yiri nke ahụ, ọ bụghị n'ihi ịdị nso mpaghara.Agba dị na eserese 2A bụ ụyọkọ achọpụtara site na iji usoro DBSCAN (28).Mgbe ị na-achọ nnukwu nleba anya, DBSCAN algọridim na-eji anya dị na nnochite anya 3D n'etiti isi ihe (ϵ = 0.39; maka ozi gbasara nhọrọ a, lee Ihe na Ụzọ), na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe ndị yiri ya chọrọ iji kọwaa ụyọkọ (ebe a). 100 isi, biko lee n'elu).Usoro DBSCAN anaghị eme echiche ọ bụla gbasara udi ma ọ bụ ọnụọgụ ụyọkọ dị na data ahụ, dịka egosiri n'okpuru:
3) Maka isi ihe niile achọpụtara dị ka ebe dị anya n'ime, megharịa nzọụkwụ 2 ugboro ugboro iji chọpụta oke ụyọkọ.Ọ bụrụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ isi ihe karịrị uru kacha nta edobere, a họpụtara ya dị ka ụyọkọ.
Data nke na-ezuteghị onye otu ụyọkọ kacha nta yana anya ϵ metric ka a na-ewere dị ka "mkpọtụ" na enyeghị ya agba.DBSCAN bụ algọridim ngwa ngwa na scalable nwere arụmọrụ O(n2) n'ọnọdụ kacha njọ.Maka nyocha nke ugbu a, ọ bụghị n'ezie enweghị usoro.A na-ekpebi ọnụọgụ kacha nta nke isi site na nyocha ọkachamara.Mgbe emezigharị anya ka emechara, nsonaazụ ya akwụsịghị nke ọma na oke nke ≈± 10.A na-edozi anya a site na iji njikọta (Ọnọdụ 6A) yana pasent mkpuchi oke osimiri (Ọnọdụ 6B).Akọwapụtara njikọta dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ mkpọkọta nke ụyọkọ ma nwee mmetụta maka oke ϵ.Njikọ dị ala na-egosi ezughị oke, na-achịkọta mpaghara ọnụ.Njikọ dị elu na-egosi imebiga ihe ókè.A na-eche echiche iji opekempe dị elu, ma ọ bụrụ na nke kacha nta gafere ca, ọ gaghị ekwe omume iji nweta ngwọta a pụrụ ịdabere na ya.135 (Maka nkọwa ndị ọzọ, lee Akụrụngwa na Ụzọ).
Ụyọkọ 115 ndị a kọwara na eserese 2A ka a tụgharịrị azụ n'ụwa na eserese 2B.Agba nke ọ bụla dabara na nchikota ọnụ nke biogeochemical na ihe gburugburu ebe obibi nke DBSCAN chọpụtara.Ozugbo a na-ekpebi ụyọkọ ahụ, a na-eji njikọ nke isi ihe ọ bụla dị na Figure 2A nwere otu latitude na longitude iji mee ka ụyọkọ ahụ laghachi na mpaghara ala.Ọgụgụ 2B na-egosi nke a n'otu agba ụyọkọ ahụ dị ka eserese 2A.E kwesịghị ịkọwa agba ndị yiri ya dị ka myirịta gburugburu ebe obibi, n'ihi na a na-ekenye ha site n'usoro nke a na-achọpụta ụyọkọ site na algọridim.
Mpaghara dị na eserese 2B nwere ike ịdị ka nke ọma na mpaghara etinyere na anụ ahụ na/ma ọ bụ biochemistry nke oke osimiri.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ụyọkọ ndị dị na Southern Ocean bụ mpaghara-symmetrical, nke nwere oligotrophic vortices na-apụta, na mgbanwe dị nkọ na-egosi mmetụta nke ifufe ahia.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na equatorial Pacific, a na-ahụ mpaghara dị iche iche metụtara ịrị elu.
Iji ghọta gburugburu ebe obibi nke Eco-Province, a na-eji mgbanwe dị iche iche nke Bray-Curtis (BC) index (29) nyochaa gburugburu ebe obibi na ụyọkọ.Ngosipụta BC bụ data ndekọ aha ejiri wee tụọ ihe dị iche na nhazi obodo n'etiti saịtị abụọ dị iche iche.Ntụle BC na-adabara na biomass nke ụdị 51 nke phytoplankton na zooplankton BCninj = 1-2CninjSni + Snj.
BCninj na-ezo aka na myirịta dị n'etiti nchikota ni na nchikota nj, ebe Cninj bụ uru kacha nta nke otu ụdị biomass dị na ma nchikota ni na nj, na Sni na-anọchi anya nchikota nke ihe niile biomasses dị na ma nchikota ni na Snj.Ọdịiche BC dị ka nha anya, mana ọ na-arụ ọrụ na oghere na-abụghị nke Euclidean, nke nwere ike dabara adaba maka data gburugburu ebe obibi na nkọwa ya.
Maka ụyọkọ ọ bụla akọwapụtara na eserese 2B, enwere ike ịlele myirịta nke intra-provincial na inter-provincial BC.Ọdịiche BC dị n'ime mpaghara na-ezo aka na ọdịiche dị n'etiti ọnụ ahịa ógbè na ebe ọ bụla na mpaghara.Ọdịiche dị n'etiti mpaghara BC na-ezo aka na myirịta dị n'etiti otu mpaghara na mpaghara ndị ọzọ.Ọgụgụ 3A na-egosi matrix BC symmetric (0, ojii: kwekọrọ kpamkpam; 1, ọcha: kpamkpam dị iche).Ahịrị ọ bụla dị na eserese na-egosi ụkpụrụ na data.Ọgụgụ 3B na-egosi mkpa mpaghara nke nsonaazụ BC na eserese 3A maka mpaghara ọ bụla.Maka ógbè dị n'akụkụ ebe nri dị ala na nke dị ala, ihe osise 3B na-egosi na njiri mara nnukwu mpaghara gburugburu equator na oke osimiri India yiri nke ọma, mana ebe ndị dị elu na ebe ndị na-ebuli elu dị nnọọ iche.
(A) Ogo nke ọdịiche BC enyochara maka mpaghara ọ bụla dabere na nkezi elu ụwa nke afọ 20 zuru ụwa ọnụ nke plankton 51.Rịba ama akara nrịbama atụ anya nke ụkpụrụ.(B) Ntụle oghere nke kọlụm (ma ọ bụ ahịrị).Maka mpaghara dị na okirikiri dystrophic, a tụlere nkesa zuru ụwa ọnụ nke nha myirịta BC, wee nyochaa nkezi afọ 20 zuru ụwa ọnụ.Oji (BC = 0) pụtara otu mpaghara, na ọcha (BC = 1) pụtara enweghị myirịta.
Ọgụgụ 4A na-egosi ọdịiche dị na BC n'ime mpaghara ọ bụla na eserese 2B.Kpebisie ike site na iji nchikota nkezi nke mpaghara mpaghara na ụyọkọ, na ịchọpụta ọdịiche dị n'etiti BC na ihe ọ bụla grid point na mpaghara ahụ, ọ na-egosi na usoro SAGE nwere ike kewaa ụdị 51 nke ọma dabere na myirịta gburugburu ebe obibi Ụdị. data nlereanya.Ọdịiche nke ụyọkọ BC n'ozuzu nke ụdị 51 niile bụ 0.102± 0.0049.
(A, B, na D) A na-enyocha ọdịiche BC n'ime mpaghara dị ka nkezi BC dị iche n'etiti obodo grid ọ bụla na nkezi mpaghara, na mgbagwoju anya adịghị ebelata.(2) Ọdịiche dị n'ime mpaghara BC zuru ụwa ọnụ bụ 0.227± 0.117.Nke a bụ akara aka nke nhazi mkpali dabere na gburugburu ebe obibi tụpụtara site na ọrụ a [akara ndụ ndụ na (C)].(C) Nkezi ọdịiche dị n'ime mpaghara BC: Ahịrị ojii na-anọchite anya ọdịiche dị n'ime mpaghara BC yana mgbagwoju anya na-abawanye.2σ sitere na nkwughachi iri nke usoro njirimara eco-province.N'ihi na ngụkọta mgbagwoju nke ógbè chọpụtara site DBSCAN, (A) na-egosi na BC dissimilarity na ógbè bụ 0.099, na mgbagwoju nkewa chọrọ site (C) bụ 12, butere a BC dissimilarity nke 0.200 na n'ógbè.dị ka foto a na-egosi.(D).
Na eserese 4B, a na-eji biomass nke ụdị plankton 51 iji nọchite anya ọdịiche BC dabara na mpaghara Longhurst.N'ozuzu nke mpaghara ọ bụla bụ 0.227, na ụkpụrụ ọkọlọtọ nke grid ihe na-ekwu maka ọdịiche dị na mpaghara BC bụ 0.046.Nke a dị ukwuu karịa ụyọkọ a chọpụtara na foto 1B.Kama, n'iji nchikota nke otu asaa na-arụ ọrụ, nkezi ọdịiche dị n'ime oge BC na Longhurst mụbara ruo 0.232.
Maapụ gburugburu ebe obibi zuru ụwa ọnụ na-enye nkọwa gbagwojuru anya nke mmekọrịta dị n'ime gburugburu ebe obibi pụrụ iche yana ndozi emere site na iji usoro gburugburu ebe obibi nke Longhurst Province.A na-atụ anya na Ministry of Ecology ga-enye nghọta na usoro nke ịchịkwa usoro gburugburu ebe obibi ọnụọgụgụ, na nghọta a ga-enyere aka nyocha ọrụ ubi.Maka ebumnuche nke nyocha a, ọ gaghị ekwe omume igosipụta n'ụzọ zuru ezu karịa otu narị mpaghara.Akụkụ na-esote na-ewebata usoro SAGE nke na-achịkọta mpaghara.
Otu n'ime ebumnuche nke mpaghara ahụ bụ ịkwalite nghọta nke ọnọdụ na njikwa mpaghara.Iji chọpụta ọnọdụ mberede, usoro dị na eserese 1B na-egosi akwụ nke ógbè ndị yiri ya.A na-achịkọta mpaghara gburugburu ebe obibi ọnụ na-adabere na myirịta gburugburu ebe obibi, a na-akpọkwa otu mpaghara mpaghara AEP.Tọọ “mgbagwoju anya” nwere ike ịgbanwe dabere na ọnụọgụ mpaghara a ga-atụle.A na-eji okwu ahụ "mgbagwoju anya" mee ihe n'ihi na ọ na-enye ohere ka emeziwanye ọkwa nke àgwà mberede.Iji kọwaa mkpokọta bara uru, nkezi ọdịiche dị n'ime mpaghara BC 0.227 sitere na Longhurst ka a na-eji dị ka akara ngosi.N'okpuru akara nrịbama a, ógbè ndị jikọtara ọnụ anaghịzi ewere na ọ bara uru.
Dịka e gosiri na eserese 3B, mpaghara gburugburu ebe obibi zuru ụwa ọnụ jikọtara ọnụ.N'iji ọdịiche dị n'etiti mpaghara BC, enwere ike ịhụ na ụfọdụ nhazi bụ "nkịtị".Site na usoro mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na usoro eserese eserese, a na-eji "graphs jikọtara" iji dozie> ógbè 100 dabere na mpaghara ndị yiri ya.A na-ekpebi metric “njikọ” ebe a site na iji enweghị isi n'etiti BC (30).Enwere ike ịkpọ ọnụọgụ mpaghara nwere ohere buru ibu maka nhazi nke> 100 mpaghara ebe a dị ka mgbagwoju anya.AEP bụ ngwaahịa nke na-ahazi ihe karịrị 100 mpaghara dị ka mpaghara ebe obibi kacha achị/ kacha nso.A na-ekenye mpaghara gburugburu ebe obibi ọ bụla na mpaghara gburugburu ebe obibi na-achị/njikọ nke ukwuu nke kacha yie ha.Nchikota a siri n'iche nke BC kpebisiri ike na-enye ohere nlebara anya na gburugburu ebe obibi zuru ụwa ọnụ.
Ihe mgbagwoju anya ahọpụtara nwere ike ịbụ uru ọ bụla site na 1 ruo mgbagwoju anya nke FIG.2A.N'ebe mgbagwoju anya dị ala, AEP nwere ike ịla n'iyi n'ihi nzọụkwụ mbelata nke puru omume (t-SNE).Nbibi pụtara na enwere ike kenye mpaghara gburugburu ebe obibi na AEP dị iche iche n'etiti mmegharị, si otú ahụ gbanwee mpaghara mpaghara kpuchiri.Ọgụgụ 4C na-egosi mgbasa nke ndịiche BC n'ime mpaghara na AEPs nke mgbagwoju anya na-abawanye n'ofe mmemme iri (ihe atụ na eserese 1B).Na eserese 4C, 2σ (ebe na-acha anụnụ anụnụ) bụ ihe nlere anya na mmejuputa iwu iri, na ahịrị ndụ ndụ na-anọchi anya akara Longhurst.Eziokwu egosila na mgbagwoju anya nke 12 nwere ike idobe ọdịiche BC na mpaghara dị n'okpuru akara Longhurst na mmejuputa iwu niile ma na-enwe obere mmebi 2σ.Na nchịkọta, opekempe ihe mgbagwoju anya akwadoro bụ 12 AEPs, na nkezi ọdịiche intra-province BC atụlere site na iji ụdị plankton 51 bụ 0.198± 0.013, dị ka egosiri na eserese 4D.N'iji nchikota nke otu ọrụ plankton asaa, nkezi ọdịiche BC dị n'ime mpaghara bụ 2σ kama 0.198± 0.004.Ntụle dị n'etiti ọdịiche BC gbakọrọ na ngụkọta biomass nke otu asaa na-arụ ọrụ ma ọ bụ biomass nke ụdị plankton 51 niile na-egosi na ọ bụ ezie na usoro SAGE na-emetụta ọnọdụ 51-akụkụ, ọ bụ maka mkpokọta biomass nke otu asaa na-arụ ọrụ. Maka ọzụzụ.
Dabere na ebumnuche nyocha ọ bụla, enwere ike ịtụle ọkwa dị iche iche nke mgbagwoju anya.Ọmụmụ mpaghara nwere ike ịchọ mgbagwoju anya zuru oke (ya bụ, mpaghara 115 niile).Dịka ọmụmaatụ na maka idoanya, tụlee mgbagwoju anya kacha nta akwadoro nke 12.
Dịka ọmụmaatụ nke uru nke usoro SAGE, a na-eji 12 AEP nwere obere mgbagwoju anya nke 12 ebe a iji chọpụta njikwa nke nhazi obodo mberede.Ọgụgụ 5 na-egosi nghọta gburugburu ebe obibi nke AEP chịkọtara (site na A ruo L): Na Redfield stoichiometry, oke ala (Njirimara 5C), ihe mejupụtara otu biomass na-arụ ọrụ (Njirimara 5A) na nri nri (Ọnyocha 5B) bụ N Zoomed na-arụ.Oke (N:Si:P:Fe, 1:1:16:16×103) ka egosiri.Maka akụkụ nke ikpeazụ, P mụbara site na 16 na Fe mụbara site na 16 × 103, ya mere eserese mmanya ahụ kwekọrọ na ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ nke phytoplankton.
A na-ekewa mpaghara ndị ahụ n'ime 12 AEPs A ruo L. (A) Biomass (mgC/m3) nke gburugburu ebe obibi na mpaghara iri na abụọ.(B) Ọnụego mgbanwe nri nke agbazere nitrogen inorganic (N), ígwè (Fe), phosphate (P) na silicic acid (Si) (mmol/m3 kwa afọ).A na-amụba Fe na P site na 16 na 16 × 103, n'otu n'otu, nke mere na a na-ahazi ibe ya ka ọ bụrụ ihe achọrọ maka phytoplankton stoichiometry.(C) Rụba ama ọdịiche dị n'etiti mpaghara pola, cyclone subtropical na nnukwu oge oge/ mpaghara na-ebili.Akara ụlọ ọrụ nleba anya dị ka ndị a: 1, SEAT;2, ALOHA;3, ọdụ P;na 4, BATS.
AEP a matapụtara pụrụ iche.Enwere ụfọdụ symmetry gburugburu equator na oke osimiri Atlantic na Pacific, na mpaghara yiri nke ahụ mana gbasaa dị n'Oké Osimiri India.Ụfọdụ AEP na-anabata akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke kọntinent ahụ jikọtara ya na mgbago.A na-ahụta South Pole Circumpolar Ugbu a dị ka nnukwu akụkụ mpaghara.Igwe mmiri dị n'okpuru ala bụ usoro mgbagwoju anya nke AEP oligotrophic.N'ime mpaghara ndị a, usoro ama ama nke ọdịiche biomass dị n'etiti vortices oligotrophic nke plankton na mpaghara pola bara ụba na diatom pụtara ìhè.
Ndị AEP nwere mkpokọta phytoplankton biomass yiri ya nwere ike ịnwe ihe owuwu obodo dị iche iche ma kpuchie mpaghara mpaghara dị iche iche, dịka D, H na K, nke nwere mkpokọta phytoplankton biomass.AEP H kacha dị na oke osimiri India equatorial, ma enwere ọtụtụ nje bacteria diazotrophic.A na-ahụ AEP D n'ọtụtụ basins, mana ọ bụ nke a ma ama na Pacific gburugburu ebe mkpụrụ osisi dị elu na gburugburu mgbago equatorial.Ọdịdị nke ógbè Pacific a na-echetara ụgbọ oloko na-efegharị efegharị nke mbara ala.Enwere diazobacteria ole na ole na AEP D, yana cones ndị ọzọ.E jiri ya tụnyere mpaghara abụọ ndị ọzọ, AEP K ka a na-ahụ naanị na ugwu ugwu nke oke osimiri Arctic, ma enwere ọtụtụ diatoms na obere plankton.Ọ dị mma ịmara na ọnụ ọgụgụ plankton na mpaghara atọ a dịkwa nnọọ iche.N'ime ha, ụbara plankton nke AEP K dị ntakịrị, ebe nke AEP D na H dị oke elu.Ya mere, n'agbanyeghị na ha biomass (ya mere yiri Chl-a), ndị a ógbè dị nnọọ iche: Chl dabeere n'ógbè ule nwere ike ghara ijide ndị a iche.
O doro anya na ụfọdụ AEP nwere ihe dị iche iche biomass nwere ike ịdị ka otu n'ihe gbasara nhazi obodo phytoplankton.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, nke a na-ahụ anya na AEP D na E. Ha na ibe ha nso, na n'Oké Osimiri Pacific, AEP E dị nso na AEPJ na-arụpụta nke ọma.N'otu aka ahụ, enweghị njikọ doro anya n'etiti phytoplankton biomass na ụbara zooplankton.
Enwere ike ịghọta AEP n'ihe gbasara nri enyere ha aka (Njirimara 5B).Diatom na-adị naanị ebe enwere oke silicic acid.N'ozuzu, ka mmepụta nke silicic acid na-adị elu, otú ahụ ka biomass nke diatoms dị elu.Enwere ike ịhụ diatom na AEP A, J, K na L. Oke nke diatom biomass n'ihe gbasara phytoplankton ndị ọzọ bụ N, P na Fe nyere n'ihe gbasara diatom chọrọ.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, AEP L bụ ndị diatoms na-achị.E jiri ya tụnyere ihe ndị ọzọ na-edozi ahụ, Si nwere ihe kachasị elu.N'ụzọ dị iche, n'agbanyeghị arụpụtaghị ihe dị elu, AEP J nwere obere diatoms na obere ihe na-enye silicon (niile na n'ihe metụtara nri ndị ọzọ).
Nje bacteria Diazonium nwere ike idozi nitrogen, mana na-eto nwayọọ nwayọọ (31).Ha na phytoplankton ndị ọzọ na-ebikọ ọnụ, ebe ígwè na phosphorus dị oke n'ihe gbasara ọchịchọ nke nri ndị na-abụghị diazonium (20, 21).Ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama na diazotrophic biomass dị oke elu, na inyefe Fe na P dị nnọọ ukwuu n'ihe gbasara inye N. N'ụzọ dị otú a, ọ bụ ezie na ngụkọta biomass na AEP J dị elu, diazonium biomass na AEP H bụ. buru ibu karịa na J. Biko mara na AEP J na H dị iche na mpaghara ala, na H dị na oke osimiri India equatorial.
Ọ bụrụ na ekewaghị usoro ihe omume gburugburu ebe obibi pụrụ iche gaa na mpaghara, nghọta ndị e nwetara site na ụdị mgbagwoju anya 12 AEP agaghị apụta nke ọma.AEP nke SAGE mebere na-eme ka njikọta ọnụ na ntụnyere n'otu oge nke ozi dị mgbagwoju anya na akụkụ dị elu sitere na ụdị gburugburu ebe obibi.AEP na-emesi ike nke ọma ihe kpatara Chl abụghị ụzọ dị mma na ụzọ ọzọ iji chọpụta nhazi obodo ma ọ bụ ụbara zooplankton na ọkwa nri dị elu.Ntụle zuru ezu nke isiokwu nyocha na-aga n'ihu karịrị oke isiokwu a.Usoro SAGE na-enye ụzọ iji nyochaa usoro ndị ọzọ dị na ihe nlereanya nke dị mfe ijikwa karịa ilele anya na isi.
Atụbere usoro SAGE iji nyere aka dokwuo anya data gburugburu ebe obibi dị mgbagwoju anya site na ụdị ọnụọgụ anụ ahụ zuru ụwa ọnụ / biochemical / gburugburu ebe obibi.A na-ekpebi mpaghara gburugburu ebe obibi site na mkpokọta biomass nke otu ndị na-arụ ọrụ cross-plankton, ntinye nke t-SNE probability dimensionality mbelata algọridim yana nchịkọta site na iji usoro ML na-enweghị nlekọta DBSCAN.A na-etinye ụkpụrụ n'etiti mpaghara BC dị iche/usoro eserese maka usoro nesting iji nweta AEP siri ike nke enwere ike iji maka nkọwa zuru ụwa ọnụ.N'ihe gbasara owuwu, Eco-Province na AEP pụrụ iche.Enwere ike ịhazigharị akwụ AEP n'etiti mgbagwoju anya zuru oke nke mpaghara ebe obibi mbụ yana oke kacha nta akwadoro nke 12 AEPs.A na-ewere oghere na ịchọpụta ntakịrị mgbagwoju anya nke AEP dị ka isi nzọụkwụ, n'ihi na ihe gbasara nke puru omume t-SNE na-emebi AEPs nke <12 mgbagwoju anya.Usoro SAGE bụ zuru ụwa ọnụ, na mgbagwoju anya ya sitere na> 100 AEPs ruo 12. Maka ịdị mfe, ihe a na-elekwasị anya ugbu a bụ mgbagwoju anya nke 12 zuru ụwa ọnụ AEP.Nchọpụta n'ọdịnihu, ọkachasị ọmụmụ mpaghara, nwere ike ịhụ obere mpaghara oghere nke mpaghara gburugburu ụwa bara uru, enwere ike chịkọta ya na mpaghara pere mpe iji nweta otu nghọta gburugburu ebe obibi a tụlere ebe a.Ọ na-enye ntụnye maka otu esi eji mpaghara ndị a na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na nghọta enwetara n'aka ha maka nghọta ọzọ gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi, mee ka ntụnyere ihe atụ dị mfe, ma nwee ike melite nleba anya nke gburugburu ebe obibi mmiri.
Mpaghara gburugburu ebe obibi na AEP nke usoro SAGE chọpụtara dabere na data dị na ụdị ọnụọgụ.Site na nkọwa, ụdị ọnụọgụ bụ usoro dị mfe, na-agbalị ijide isi ihe nke usoro ebumnuche, na ụdị dị iche iche ga-enwe nkesa dị iche iche nke plankton.Ụdị ọnụọgụgụ ejiri mee ihe n'ọmụmụ ihe a enweghị ike ijide n'ụzọ zuru ezu ụfọdụ ụkpụrụ a hụrụ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, na atụmatụ Chl maka mpaghara equatorial na Southern Ocean).Naanị obere akụkụ nke ụdị dị iche iche dị n'oké osimiri ka a na-ejide, na meso na sub-mesoscales enweghị ike idozi, nke nwere ike imetụta nrịbama nri na nhazi obodo nta.N'agbanyeghị adịghị ike ndị a, ọ na-apụta na AEP bara uru nke ukwuu n'inyere aka ịghọta ụdị mgbagwoju anya.Site n'ịtụle ebe a na-ahụ mpaghara gburugburu ebe obibi ndị yiri ya, AEP na-enye ngwá ọrụ atụnyere ọnụọgụgụ nwere ike ime.Ụdị ọnụọgụgụ dị ugbu a na-ejide ụkpụrụ n'ozuzu nke nhụta anya phytoplankton Chl-a ntinye uche na nkesa nke plankton nha na otu ọrụ (Nrịbama S1 na Figure S1) (2, 32).
Dị ka e gosiri na 0.1 mgChl-a/m-3 contour line, AEP kewara na mpaghara oligotrophic na mpaghara mesotrophic (Njirimara S1B): AEP B, C, D, E, F na G bụ mpaghara oligotrophic, ebe ndị fọdụrụ bụ dị n'elu Chl-a.AEP na-egosi ụfọdụ akwụkwọ ozi na Longhurst Province (Figure S3A), dịka ọmụmaatụ, Southern Ocean na equatorial Pacific.Na mpaghara ụfọdụ, AEP na-ekpuchi ọtụtụ mpaghara Longhurst, na ọzọ.Ebe ọ bụ na ebumnuche nke ịkpachapụ ógbè dị na mpaghara a na Longhurst dị iche, a na-atụ anya na a ga-enwe ndịiche.Otutu AEP na mpaghara Longhurst na-egosi na mpaghara ụfọdụ nwere ụdị biochemistry nwere ike ịnwe usoro gburugburu ebe obibi dị iche iche.AEP na-egosipụta ụfọdụ akwụkwọ ozi na steeti anụ ahụ, dị ka ekpughere site na iji mmụta anaghị elekọta (19), dị ka na steeti dị elu (dịka ọmụmaatụ, Southern Ocean na equatorial Pacific; Figure S3, C na D).Nzikọrịta ozi ndị a na-egosi na usoro oke osimiri na-enwe mmetụta siri ike na nhazi obodo nke plankton.N'ebe dị ka North Atlantic, AEP na-agafe ógbè anụ ahụ.Usoro nke na-akpata ndịiche ndị a nwere ike ịgụnye usoro dịka ịkwaga uzuzu, nke nwere ike iduga na mmemme nri dị iche iche ọbụna n'okpuru ọnọdụ anụ ahụ yiri ya.
Ministri na-ahụ maka ihe ndị dị ndụ na AEP rụtụrụ aka na iji Chl naanị enweghị ike ịchọpụta ihe ndị dị na gburugburu ebe obibi, dịka mpaghara gburugburu ebe obibi nke mmiri achọpụtalarị.A na-ahụ nke a n'ime AEP nwere ụdị biomass yiri ya mana ihe mejupụtara gburugburu ebe obibi dị iche (dịka D na E).N'ụzọ dị iche, AEPs dị ka D na K nwere ihe dị iche iche biomass mana nhazi gburugburu ebe obibi yiri ya.AEP na-ekwusi ike na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti biomass, nhazi gburugburu ebe obibi na ụbara zooplankton dị mgbagwoju anya.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụ ezie na AEP J pụtara ìhè n'ihe gbasara phytoplankton na plankton biomass, AEP's A na L nwere ụdị plankton biomass, mana A nwere ụbara plankton dị elu.AEP na-ekwusi ike na enweghị ike iji phytoplankton biomass (ma ọ bụ Chl) buru amụma biomass zooplankton.Zooplankton bụ ntọala nke yinye nri azụ, na atụmatụ ziri ezi nwere ike ibute njikwa akụrụngwa ka mma.Satellites agba mmiri n'ọdịnihu [dịka ọmụmaatụ, PACE (plankton, aerosol, cloud, na ecosystem)] nwere ike ịnọ n'ọnọdụ ka mma iji nyere aka chọpụta nhazi obodo nke phytoplankton.Iji amụma AEP nwere ike ime ka ntule zooplankton si na oghere dị mfe.Ụzọ dị ka SAGE, yana teknụzụ ọhụrụ, yana ọtụtụ data ubi dị maka nyocha eziokwu nke ala (dị ka Tara na nyocha nleba anya), nwere ike ijikọ aka mee nzọụkwụ maka nlekota ahụike gburugburu ebe obibi dabere na satịlaịtị.
Usoro SAGE na-enye ụzọ dabara adaba iji nyochaa ụfọdụ usoro na-achịkwa njirimara mpaghara, dị ka biomass/Chl, mmepụta net isi na nhazi obodo.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọnụọgụ nke diatoms na-esetịpụrụ ya site na enweghị ahaghị nhata na ntinye nke Si, N, P, na Fe n'ihe metụtara phytoplankton stoichiometric chọrọ.N'ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ ọkọnọ ziri ezi, ndị diatoms (L) na-achị obodo.Mgbe ọnụego ọkọnọ na-adịghị mma (ya bụ, ọkọnọ nke silicon dị ala karịa ihe ndị na-edozi ahụ nke diatoms), diatoms na-aza naanị obere akụkụ Share (K).Mgbe ọkọnọ nke Fe na P karịrị ọkọnọ nke N (dịka ọmụmaatụ, E na H), nje bacteria diazotrophic ga-eto nke ukwuu.Site na ọnọdụ nke AEP nyere, nyocha nke usoro nchịkwa ga-aba uru karị.
Eco-Province na AEP bụ mpaghara nwere ihe owuwu obodo.Usoro oge sitere n'otu ebe n'ime mpaghara gburugburu ebe obibi ma ọ bụ AEP nwere ike were dị ka ebe ntụnye aka ma nwee ike ịnọchite anya mpaghara mpaghara ma ọ bụ AEP kpuchie.Ụlọ ọrụ nlekota ogologo oge na saịtị na-enye usoro oge dị otú ahụ.Ntọala data dị ogologo oge ga-aga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ enweghị atụ.Site n'echiche nke nlekota oru obodo, usoro SAGE nwere ike ịhụ dị ka ụzọ isi nyere aka chọpụta ebe kachasị baa uru nke saịtị ọhụrụ.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, usoro oge sitere na nyocha ebe obibi oligotrophic ogologo oge (ALOHA) dị na AEP B nke mpaghara oligotrophic (Nyocha 5C, akara 2).N'ihi na ALOHA dị nso na oke AEP ọzọ, usoro oge nwere ike ọ gaghị abụ onye nnọchianya nke mpaghara ahụ dum, dịka atụpụtara na mbụ (33).N'otu AEP B, usoro oge SEATS (Southeast Asian Time Series) dị na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Taiwan (34), nke dịpụrụ adịpụ site na ókèala nke AEP ndị ọzọ (Ọnọdụ 5C, label 1), enwere ike iji ya dị ka ebe ka mma iji nyochaa. AEPB.Usoro oge BATS (Bermuda Atlantic Time Series Study) (Ọgụgụ 5C, akara 4) dị na AEPC dị nso na oke n'etiti AEP C na F, nke na-egosi na nlekota AEP C site na iji usoro oge BATS nwere ike bụrụ nsogbu ozugbo.Ebe P dị na AEP J (Ọnọdụ 5C, akara 3) dị anya site na ókèala AEP, yabụ na ọ bụ nnọchite anya karịa.Eco-Province na AEP nwere ike inye aka guzobe usoro nleba anya dabara adaba maka nyocha mgbanwe zuru ụwa ọnụ, n'ihi na ikike mpaghara iji nyochaa ebe nlele saịtị nwere ike inye nghọta dị mkpa.Enwere ike ịmalite usoro SAGE ka etinyere ya na data ihu igwe iji chọpụta mgbanwe na-echekwa oge.
A na-enweta ihe ịga nke ọma nke usoro SAGE site na iji nlezianya tinye usoro sayensị data/ML na ihe ọmụma akọwapụtara ngalaba.Kpọmkwem, a na-eji t-SNE iji mee mbelata akụkụ, nke na-echekwa nrụkọba ọnụ nke data akụkụ dị elu ma na-eme ka anya nke topology covariance.A na-ahazi data ahụ n'ụdị ọnyá na covariances (Figure 2A), na-egosi na usoro dabere na anya (dị ka K-means) adịghị mma n'ihi na ha na-ejikarị nkesa Gaussian ( okirikiri) na-ekesa (a na-atụle na Note S2) .Usoro DBSCAN dabara adaba maka topology covariance ọ bụla.Ọ bụrụhaala na ị na-eleba anya na ịtọ ntọala, enwere ike ịnye njirimara a pụrụ ịdabere na ya.Ọnụ ego mgbakọ na mwepụ nke t-SNE algọridim dị elu, nke na-egbochi ngwa ya ugbu a na ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke data, nke pụtara na ọ siri ike itinye aka na mpaghara miri emi ma ọ bụ oge dị iche iche.Ọrụ na scalability nke t-SNE na-aga n'ihu.Ebe ọ bụ na anya KL dị mfe iji tụnyere, t-SNE algọridim nwere ikike dị mma maka mgbasawanye n'ọdịnihu (35).Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ụzọ ndị ọzọ na-ekwe nkwa mbelata nha nha nke nwere ike belata nha gụnyere usoro ịdị n'otu manifold approximation na projection (UMAP), mana nyocha n'ọnọdụ data oke osimiri dị mkpa.Ihe pụtara scalability ka mma bụ, dịka ọmụmaatụ, nhazi ihu igwe zuru ụwa ọnụ ma ọ bụ ụdị nwere mgbagwoju anya dị iche iche na oyi akwa agwakọta.Mpaghara ndị SAGE na-ekewaghị na mpaghara ọ bụla nwere ike were dị ka ntụpọ ojii fọdụrụ na Figure 2A.Na mpaghara ala, mpaghara ndị a na-abụkarị na mpaghara oge dị oke egwu, nke na-egosi na iweghara mpaghara gburugburu ebe obibi na-agbanwe ka oge na-aga ga-enye mkpuchi ka mma.
Iji wuo usoro SAGE, a na-eji echiche sitere na usoro mgbagwoju anya / sayensị data, na-eji ikike ikpebi ụyọkọ nke ndị na-arụ ọrụ (ohere nke ịbịaru nso na oghere 11) ma chọpụta ógbè.Mpaghara ndị a na-egosipụta mpịakọta kpọmkwem na oghere 3D t-SNE anyị.N'otu aka ahụ, enwere ike iji akụkụ Poincaré nyochaa "olu" nke ohere steeti nke trajectory nwere iji chọpụta omume "nkịtị" ma ọ bụ "chaotic" (36).Maka mmepụta ihe nlere akụkụ 11 kwụ ọtọ, enwere ike kọwapụta olu ahụ ka agbanwere data ahụ ka ọ bụrụ oghere oge 3D.Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti mpaghara mpaghara na mpaghara na oghere oge 3D adịghị mfe, mana enwere ike ịkọwa ya na myirịta gburugburu ebe obibi.N'ihi nke a, a na-ahọrọ ihe ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ ịdị n'otu nke BC.
Ọrụ ga-eme n'ọdịnihu ga-eji usoro SAGE maka mgbanwe data n'oge oge iji chọpụta mgbanwe ọnọdụ nke ógbè ndị achọpụtara na AEP.Ebumnuche n'ọdịnihu bụ iji usoro a iji nyere aka chọpụta mpaghara enwere ike ikpebi site na nha satịlaịtị (dị ka Chl-a, nhụta mmetụta dịpụrụ adịpụ na oke okpomọkụ).Nke a ga-enye ohere nleba anya nleba anya nke akụrụngwa gburugburu ebe obibi yana nleba anya nke ukwuu nke mpaghara gburugburu ebe obibi yana mgbanwe ha.
Ebumnuche nke nyocha a bụ iwebata usoro SAGE, nke na-akọwa mpaghara gburugburu ebe obibi site na nhazi obodo plankton pụrụ iche.N'ebe a, a ga-enye ozi zuru ezu gbasara ụdị anụ ahụ/biogeochemical/ecosystem na nhọrọ parameter nke t-SNE na DBSCAN algọridim.
Akụkụ anụ ahụ nke ihe nlereanya ahụ sitere na nleba anya nke mgbasa ozi oké osimiri na ihu igwe [ECCOv4;(37) atụmatụ steeti zuru ụwa ọnụ nke (38) kọwara.Mkpebi nhọpụta nke atụmatụ steeti bụ 1/5.A na-eji usoro ọnụọgụ nke kacha nta na Lagrangian multiplier iji nweta ọnọdụ mbụ na oke na usoro ihe nleba anya nke emeziri site na nleba anya, si otú a na-emepụta ụdị okirikiri MIT n'efu (MITgcm) (39), ihe nlereanya Mgbe njikarịcha ya, nsonaazụ ya nwere ike. a ga-esochi ma hụ.
Biogeochemistry/okirikiri gburugburu nwere nkọwa zuru oke karịa (ya bụ nha nha na ụkpụrụ parameter) na (2).Ihe nlereanya ahụ na-ejide mgbasa nke C, N, P, Si na Fe site na ọdọ mmiri inorganic na organic.Ụdị a na-eji ebe a na-agụnye ụdị 35 nke phytoplankton: 2 ụdị microprokaryotes na 2 ụdị microeukaryotes (nke kwesịrị ekwesị maka gburugburu ebe dị ala), ụdị 5 nke Cryptomonas sphaeroides (ya na mkpuchi calcium carbonate), 5 ụdị diazonium ( Nwere ike idozi nitrogen, ya mere. ọ bụghị oke) nnweta nitrogen inorganic agbaze), 11 diatoms (akpụ a siliceous cover), 10 agwakọta-vegetative flagellates (nwere ike photosynthesize na-eri ndị ọzọ plankton) na 16 Zooplankton (ata nri na ndị ọzọ plankton).A na-akpọ ndị a "biogeochemical functional groups" n'ihi na ha nwere mmetụta dị iche iche na biogeochemistry mmiri (40, 41) ma na-ejikarị na nlele na nyocha ihe nlereanya.N'ihe nlereanya a, otu ọ bụla na-arụ ọrụ nwere ọtụtụ plankton nke nha dị iche iche, nke nwere ogologo nke 0.6 ruo 2500 μm dakọtara dayameta okirikiri.
Akụkụ ndị na-emetụta uto phytoplankton, ịhịa aka n'ahụ na imi na-emetụta nha, ma enwere ọdịiche dị n'etiti otu ọrụ phytoplankton isii (32).N'agbanyeghị usoro anụ ahụ dị iche iche, a na-eji nsonaazụ 51 plankton nke ihe nlereanya ahụ mee ihe n'ọtụtụ ọmụmụ ihe na-adịbeghị anya (42-44).
Site na 1992 ruo 2011, ụdị njikọ anụ ahụ / biogeochemical / gburugburu ebe obibi gbara afọ 20.Nsonaazụ nke ihe nlereanya ahụ gụnyere plankton biomass, ntinye ihe oriri na ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ (DIN, PO4, Si na Fe).N'ime ọmụmụ ihe a, a na-eji nkezi afọ 20 nke ihe ndị a dị ka ntinye nke Mpaghara Ecological.Chl, nkesa nke plankton biomass na ntinye uche na-edozi ahụ na nkesa nke otu ndị na-arụ ọrụ na-atụnyere satịlaịtị na nleba anya n'ime ọnọdụ [lee (2, 44), Rịba ama S1 na ọnụ ọgụgụ.S1 ruo S3].
Maka usoro SAGE, isi iyi nke randomness sitere na t-SNE nzọụkwụ.Randomness na-egbochi imegharị, nke pụtara na nsonaazụ ya enweghị ntụkwasị obi.Usoro SAGE na-anwale ike siri ike site n'ịchọpụta nhazi nke t-SNE na DBSCAN, nke nwere ike ịchọpụta ụyọkọ mgbe a na-emeghachi ya.Ịchọpụta "mgbagwoju anya" nke paramita t-SNE nwere ike ịghọta dị ka ikpebi ogo nke eserese site na elu ruo ala kwesịrị ịkwanyere njirimara mpaghara ma ọ bụ zuru ụwa ọnụ nke data ahụ.O ruru mgbagwoju anya nke 400 na 300 iterations.
Maka mkpokọta mkpokọta DBSCAN, ọ dị mkpa ikpebi nha kacha nta na metric anya nke isi data dị na ụyọkọ.A na-ekpebi ọnụọgụ kacha nta n'okpuru nduzi nke ndị ọkachamara.Ihe ọmụma a maara ihe dabara na usoro nhazi ọnụọgụgụ ugbu a na mkpebi.Ọnụ ọgụgụ kacha nta bụ 100. Enwere ike ịtụle ọnụ ahịa kacha nta dị elu (ihe na-erughị <135 tupu oke elu nke akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na-abawanye), ma ọ nweghị ike dochie usoro nchịkọta nke dabeere na BC dissimilarity.A na-eji ogo njikọ (Njirimara 6A) iji tọọ paramita ϵ, nke na-eme ka mkpuchi dị elu (Njirimara 6B).Akọwapụtara njikọta dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ mkpọkọta nke ụyọkọ ma nwee mmetụta maka oke ϵ.Njikọ dị ala na-egosi ezughị oke, na-achịkọta mpaghara ọnụ.Njikọ dị elu na-egosi imebiga ihe ókè.Imebiga ihe ókè na-enwekwa nsogbu, n'ihi na ọ na-egosi na ịkọ nkọ nke mbụ nwere ike ibute nsonaazụ na-enweghị atụ.N'etiti oke abụọ a, mmụba dị nkọ (nke a na-akpọkarị "ikike aka") na-egosi ϵ kacha mma.Na eserese 6A, ị na-ahụ mmụba dị nkọ na mpaghara ala dị larịị (edo edo,> ụyọkọ 200), na-esote mbelata dị nkọ (akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, ụyọkọ 100), ruo ihe dị ka 130, nke ụyọkọ ole na ole gbara ya gburugburu (acha anụnụ anụnụ, <ụyọkọ 60) ).N'ime opekata mpe ebe 100 na-acha anụnụ anụnụ, otu ụyọkọ na-achịkwa oke osimiri dum (ϵ <0.42), ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ n'ime oke osimiri anaghị ekewa ma na-ewere mkpọtụ (ϵ> 0.99).Mpaghara odo nwere nnukwu mgbanwe, nkesa ụyọkọ na-enweghị ike imepụtagharị.Ka ϵ na-ebelata, mkpọtụ na-abawanye.A na-akpọ mpaghara akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na-eto nke ọma n'ikpere aka.Nke a bụ mpaghara kacha mma.Ọ bụ ezie na a na-eji t-SNE nke puru omume eme ihe, enwere ike iji ọdịiche dị n'etiti BC dị n'ime mpaghara iji chọpụta ụyọkọ a pụrụ ịdabere na ya.Iji eserese 6 (A na B), tọọ ϵ ka ọ bụrụ 0.39.Ọnụ ọgụgụ kacha nta nke ukwuu, obere ohere nke iru ϵ nke na-enye ohere nhazi nke a pụrụ ịdabere na ya, na nke ukwuu na mpaghara akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ nwere uru karịa 135. Ịbawanye ebe a na-egosi na ikpere ụkwụ ga-esi ike ịchọta ma ọ bụ na-abụghị. dị adị.
Mgbe emechara parampat nke t-SNE, a ga-eji ngụkọta nke ụyọkọ achọtara dị ka nha njikọ (A) yana pasent data ekenyere na ụyọkọ (B).Ntụpọ uhie na-egosi nchikota kacha mma mkpuchi na njikọta.A na-ahazi nọmba kacha nta dabere na ọnụọgụ kacha nta metụtara gburugburu ebe obibi.
Maka ihe mgbakwunye maka akụkọ a, biko hụ http://advances.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/6/22/eaay4740/DC1
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Ụlọ ọrụ Global Ministry of Marine Ecology kpebisiri ike idozi nsogbu ndị dị mgbagwoju anya ma jiri ML na-enweghị nlekọta na-enyocha ihe owuwu obodo.
Ụlọ ọrụ Global Ministry of Marine Ecology kpebisiri ike idozi nsogbu ndị dị mgbagwoju anya ma jiri ML na-enweghị nlekọta na-enyocha ihe owuwu obodo.
Oge nzipu: Jan-12-2021