Mitengo ya phwetekere imakonda kudwala matenda a foliar, omwe amatha kupha kapena kuwononga zokolola.Mavutowa amafunikira mankhwala angapo ophera tizilombo muzomera wamba ndipo amapangitsa kupanga organic kukhala kovuta kwambiri.
Gulu la asayansi lotsogozedwa ndi Yunivesite ya Purdue linatsimikizira kuti tomato akhoza kukhala okhudzidwa kwambiri ndi matenda amtunduwu chifukwa ataya chitetezo choperekedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.Ofufuza apeza kuti achibale akutchire ndi tomato zakuthengo zomwe zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi bowa wabwino m'nthaka zimakula, ndipo zimalimbana bwino ndi matenda ndi matenda kusiyana ndi zomera zamakono.
Lori Hoagland, yemwe ndi pulofesa wa za ulimi wamaluwa, anati: “Bowa umenewu umakhala m’malo mwa zomera zamtundu wa tomato zakuthengo ndipo umalimbitsa chitetezo cha m’thupi mwawo.”"Pakapita nthawi, talima tomato kuti tiwonjeze zokolola komanso Kukoma, koma zikuwoneka kuti ataya mwayi wopindula ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda."
Amit K. Jaiswal, wofufuza wa postdoctoral ku Hoagland ndi Purdue, adalowetsa 25 mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya phwetekere ndi bowa wopindulitsa wa nthaka Trichoderma harzianum, kuchokera kumtundu wakutchire kupita ku mitundu yakale komanso yamakono yoweta, yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kupewa matenda oopsa a fungal ndi mabakiteriya.
Mu tomato wamtundu wina wakutchire, ofufuza adapeza kuti poyerekeza ndi zomera zosasamalidwa, kukula kwa mizu ya zomera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi bowa wopindulitsa kunali 526% pamwamba, ndipo kutalika kwa mbewu kunali 90% pamwamba.Mitundu ina yamakono imakhala ndi mizu yokulirapo mpaka 50%, pomwe ena alibe.Kutalika kwa mitundu yamakono kwawonjezeka pafupifupi 10% -20%, yomwe ili yotsika kwambiri kuposa mitundu yakutchire.
Kenako, ofufuzawo adayambitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ku chomeracho: Botrytis cinerea (mabakiteriya a necrotic vegetative omwe amayambitsa nkhungu yotuwa) ndi Phytophthora (chikombole chomwe chimayambitsa matenda) chomwe chidayambitsa matendawa mu 1840s njala ya mbatata yaku Ireland.
Kulimbana kwa mitundu yakuthengo ku Botrytis cinerea ndi Phytophthora kunawonjezeka ndi 56% ndi 94%, motsatana.Komabe, Trichoderma imachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa matenda amitundu ina, nthawi zambiri muzomera zamakono.
Jaiswal adati: "Tawona kukhudzidwa kwakukulu kwa zomera zakuthengo ku bowa wopindulitsa, ndikukula bwino komanso kukana matenda.""Titasinthana ndi mitundu yapakhomo m'minda yonse, tidawona kuchepa kwa phindu.”
Kafukufukuyu adachitika kudzera mu Tomato Organic Management and Improvement Project (TOMI) motsogozedwa ndi Hoagland, ndi cholinga chowonjezera zokolola ndi kukana matenda a tomato organic.Gulu la TOMI limathandizidwa ndi National Institute of Food and Agriculture ku United States Department of Agriculture.Ofufuza ake amachokera ku Purdue University, Organic Seed Alliance, North Carolina State University, University of Wisconsin-Madison, North Carolina A&T State University ndi Oregon State University.
Hoagland adati gulu lake likuyembekeza kuzindikira jini ya phwetekere yakuthengo yomwe imayambitsa kuyanjana kwapadziko lapansi ndikubwezeretsanso mitundu yomwe ilipo.Chiyembekezo ndicho kukhalabe ndi makhalidwe amene alimi asankha kwa zaka masauzande ambiri, kwinaku akutenganso makhalidwe amene amapangitsa zomera kukhala zamphamvu ndi zobala zipatso.
“Zomera ndi tizilombo ta m’nthaka zimatha kukhala limodzi m’njira zambiri n’kuthandizana, koma taona kuti zomera zimene zimaberekana chifukwa cha makhalidwe enaake zimasokoneza ubwenzi umenewu.Nthawi zina, timatha kuona kuti kuwonjezera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kumapangitsa kuti zomera zina za phwetekere zoweta zikhale zovuta kudwala, "adatero Hoagland."Cholinga chathu ndikupeza ndi kubwezeretsanso majini omwe angapereke zomerazi chitetezo chachilengedwe ndi njira zokulirapo zomwe zinalipo kalekale."
Chikalatachi chimatetezedwa ndi kukopera.Pokhapokha pakuchita chilichonse mwachilungamo pazophunzirira zachinsinsi kapena kafukufuku, palibe zomwe zingakopedwe popanda chilolezo cholembedwa.Zomwe zili m'munsimu ndizongowona zokha.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-19-2021