Ma antibodies angapo akugwiritsidwa ntchito kale kapena akupangidwa ngati njira zochizira COVID-19.Pakutuluka kwa mitundu yatsopano ya acute kupuma kwapang'onopang'ono coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), ndikofunikira kuneneratu ngati azitha kulandira chithandizo chamankhwala.Starr et al.Laibulale ya yisiti idagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe imakhudza masinthidwe onse mu SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain zomwe sizingasokoneze kwambiri kumangiriza kwa host host (ACE2), ndikuyika mapu momwe masinthidwewa amakhudzira atatu Otsutsana ndi SARS-CoV. -2 Kumanga ma antibodies.Ziwerengerozi zimazindikiritsa masinthidwe omwe amathawa kumangidwa kwa ma antibody, kuphatikiza masinthidwe amodzi omwe amathawa ma antibodies awiri mumsanganizo wa antibody wa Regeneron.Zosintha zambiri zomwe zimatuluka m'thupi limodzi zimafalikira mwa anthu.
Ma antibodies ndi njira yochizira matenda oopsa kwambiri a kupuma kwapamtima coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), koma sizikuwonekeratu kuti kachilomboka kamayamba kuthawa chiopsezo chawo.Apa, tikuwona momwe masinthidwe onse mu SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) amakhudzira kumangirira kwa REGN-COV2 cocktail ku antibody LY-CoV016.Mamapu athunthu awa adavumbulutsa kusintha kwa amino acid komwe kudalepheretsa kusakaniza kwa REGN-COV2, komwe kumapangidwa ndi ma antibodies awiri a REGN10933 ndi REGN10987 omwe amayang'ana ma epitopes osiyanasiyana.Ziwerengerozi zikuwonetsanso masinthidwe a virus omwe amasankhidwa mwa odwala omwe ali ndi kachilombo kosalekeza omwe amathandizidwa ndi REGN-COV2 komanso panthawi yosankha ma virus mu vitro.Pomaliza, ziwerengerozi zikuwonetsa kuti masinthidwe omwe amathawa anti-antibody amodzi amapezeka kale pamitundu ya SARS-CoV-2.Mamapu othawira athunthu awa amatha kufotokozera zotsatira za masinthidwe omwe amawonedwa panthawi yowunika ma virus.
Ma antibodies akupangidwa kuti azichiza kwambiri pachimake kupuma kwa coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (1).Ma antibodies olimbana ndi ma virus ena amatha kukhala opanda mphamvu chifukwa cha kusintha kwa ma virus komwe kumasankhidwa pochiza odwala omwe ali ndi kachilombo (2, 3) kapena kusintha kwa ma virus komwe kwafalikira padziko lonse lapansi kuti kupangitse kukana kwa kachilomboka.Chifukwa chake, kudziwa kuti ndi masinthidwe ati a SARS-CoV-2 omwe amatha kuthawa ma antibodies ndikofunikira kuti awone momwe masinthidwe omwe amawonedwa panthawi yowunikira kachilomboka amakhudzira mphamvu ya chithandizo cha antibody.
Ma antibodies otsogola kwambiri a anti-SARS-CoV-2 amayang'ana ma virus receptor binding domain (RBD), omwe amalumikizana ndi angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor (5, 6).Posachedwapa, tapanga njira yosinthira masinthidwe ozama kuti tiwone momwe masinthidwe onse a RBD amakhudzira ntchito yake ndikuzindikirika ndi ma antibodies antiviral (7, 8).Njirayi imaphatikizapo kupanga laibulale ya zosinthika za RBD, kuzifotokoza pamwamba pa yisiti, ndikugwiritsa ntchito masanjidwe a cell opangidwa ndi fluorescence ndikutsata mozama kuti athe kudziwa momwe kusintha kulikonse kumakhudzira kupukutira kwa RBD, kuyanjana kwa ACE2 (kuyezedwa mndandanda wa titration), ndi kumanga ma antibody. (Chithunzi S1A).Mu kafukufukuyu, tidagwiritsa ntchito laibulale yosinthika yobwerezabwereza yofotokozedwa mu (7), yomwe ili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya RBD yokhala ndi barcode, yomwe imaphimba 3804 mwa 3819 kusintha kwa amino acid.Laibulale yathu idakonzedwa kuchokera ku chibadwa cha RBD ku Wuhan-Hu-1 koyambirira.Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa masinthidwe angapo akuchulukirachulukira, akuyimirabe ma RBD omwe amadziwika kwambiri (9, 10).Tajambula masinthidwe awiri a 2034 omwe samasokoneza kwambiri kupindika kwa RBD ndi kumangiriza kwa ACE (7) momwe mungadutse REGN-COV2 cocktail (REGN10933 ndi REGN10987) (11, 12) ndi Eli Lilly's LY-CoV016 Mtundu wophatikizanso wa antibody imakhudza njira yomangirira antibody (yotchedwanso CB6 kapena JS016) (13) (Chithunzi S1B).REGN-COV2 posachedwapa yapatsidwa chilolezo chogwiritsa ntchito mwadzidzidzi COVID-19 (14), pomwe LY-CoV016 pano ikuyesedwa mu gawo 3 (15).
[Glu406→Trp(E406W)] anapulumuka mwamphamvu kusakaniza kwa ma antibodies awiri (Chithunzi 1A).Mapu othawa a LY-CoV016 adawululanso masinthidwe ambiri othawa m'malo osiyanasiyana ku RBD (Chithunzi 1B).Ngakhale masinthidwe ena othawa amatha kusokoneza kuthekera kwa RBD kumangiriza ku ACE2 kapena kufotokozera moyenerera, malinga ndi miyeso yam'mbuyomu yakusintha kozama pogwiritsa ntchito RBD yowonetsedwa ndi yisiti, masinthidwe ambiri amakhudza pang'ono kapena alibe chilichonse pazogwira ntchitozi (7 ) (Chithunzi 1, A ndi B chikuyimira kutayika kwa mgwirizano wa ACE2, pamene Chithunzi S2 chikuyimira kuchepa kwa mawu a RBD.
(A) Kupanga mapu a antibody mu REGN-COV2.Mzere wa grafu kumanzere ukuwonetsa kuthawa pamalo aliwonse mu RBD (chiwerengero cha masinthidwe onse patsamba lililonse).Chithunzi cha logo kumanja chikuwonetsa malo amphamvu othawirapo (mzere wofiirira).Kutalika kwa chilembo chilichonse kumayenderana ndi mphamvu ya kuthawa komwe kumayendetsedwa ndi kusintha kwa amino acid, ndipo "kuthawa" kwa 1 pakusintha kulikonse kumafanana ndi kuthawa kwathunthu.Mulingo wa y-axis ndi wosiyana pamzere uliwonse, motero, mwachitsanzo, E406W imathawa ma antibodies onse a REGN, koma ndizodziwikiratu kwa ma cocktails chifukwa imakhala ndi malo ena othawirako a ma antibodies.Pa mtundu wa scalable, S2, A ndi B, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa mapu ndi momwe masinthidwe amakhudzira mawu a RBD yopindidwa.S2, C ndi D amagwiritsidwa ntchito kugawa chikoka pa ACE2 affinity ndi RBD kufotokoza pakati pa masinthidwe onse omwe amawonedwa pakudzipatula kwa ma virus.(B) Monga zikuwonetsedwa mu (A), jambulani LY-CoV016.(C) Gwiritsani ntchito tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta spike-pseudotyped lentiviral kuti mutsimikizire kusintha kwakukulu pakuyesa kwa neutralization.Tidasankha kutsimikizira masinthidwe omwe amanenedweratu kuti angakhudze kwambiri kapena amakhalapo pafupipafupi pazopatula za SARS-CoV-2 (monga N439K) pozungulira.Mfundo iliyonse ikuyimira kuwonjezereka kwapakati pa inhibitory concentration (IC50) ya masinthidwe okhudzana ndi nsonga ya mtundu wosasinthika (WT) womwe uli ndi D614G.Mzere wamtundu wa buluu 1 umayimira kusalowerera ndale kofanana ndi WT, ndipo mtengo> 1 umayimira kukana kosagwirizana.Mtundu wa dontho umasonyeza ngati mukufuna kuchoka pamapu.Madontho akuwonetsa kuti popeza IC50 ili kunja kwa mndandanda wa dilution womwe wagwiritsidwa ntchito, kusintha kambiri kumawunikidwa (kumtunda kapena kutsika malire).Zosintha zambiri zimayesedwa mobwerezabwereza, kotero pali mfundo ziwiri.Kupindika kwathunthu kwa neutralization kukuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 2. S3.Chidule cha chilembo chimodzi cha zotsalira za amino acid ndi motere: A, Ala;C, Cysteine;D, Asp;E, Glu;F, Pa;G, Gly;H, iye;Ine, Ile;K, lysine;L, Liu;Metropolis N, Assen;P, Pro;Q, Gln;R, Arg;S, Ser;T, Thr;V, Val;W, tryptophan;ndi Y, Tyr.
Pofuna kutsimikizira mphamvu ya antigenic ya kusintha kwakukulu, tinayesa neutralization pogwiritsa ntchito panicle pseudotyped lentiviral particles, ndipo tinapeza kuti panali kugwirizana pakati pa mapu othawa omwe amamanga antibody ndi neutralization assay (Chithunzi 1C ndi Chithunzi S3).Monga momwe zimayembekezeredwa pamapu a antibody a REGN-COV2, kusintha komwe kuli pa 486 kumangosinthidwa ndi REGN10933, pomwe kusintha kwa malo 439 ndi 444 kumangosinthidwa ndi REGN10987, kotero masinthidwe awa sangathe kuthawa.Koma E406W idathawa ma antibodies awiri a REGN-COV2, kotero idathawanso mwamphamvu.Kupyolera mu kusanthula kwamapangidwe ndi kusankha kopulumukira kwa ma virus, Regeneron amakhulupirira kuti palibe kusintha kwa amino acid komwe kungathe kuthawa ma antibodies awiri omwe ali mu hola (11, 12), koma mapu athu athunthu amazindikiritsa E406W ngati njira yopulumukira.E406W imakhudza antibody ya REGN-COV2 m'njira yeniyeni, ndipo sichisokoneza kwambiri ntchito ya RBD, chifukwa imachepetsa pang'ono mphamvu ya LY-CoV016 (Chithunzi 1C) ndi titer ya tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta pseudotyped lentiviral ( Chithunzi S3F).
Kuti tiwone ngati mapu athu othawa akugwirizana ndi kusinthika kwa ma virus pansi pa kusankha kwa antibody, tidayang'ana kaye zomwe zayesa kuyesa kuthawa kwa kachilombo ka Regeneron, komwe mawu akuti spike adakulira mu chikhalidwe cha cell pamaso pa REGN10933 vesicular. stomatitis virus (VSV), REGN10987 kapena REGN-COV2 cocktail (12).Ntchitoyi idazindikiritsa masinthidwe asanu othawa kuchokera ku REGN10933, masinthidwe awiri othawa kuchokera ku REGN10987, ndipo palibe masinthidwe amomwe amadyera (Chithunzi 2A).Zosintha zomwe zasankhidwa ndi zikhalidwe zonse zisanu ndi ziwiri za ma cell zikuwonetsedwa pamapu athu othawa, ndipo kusintha kwa nucleotide imodzi ya codon yakuthengo mu mndandanda wa Wuhan-Hu-1 RBD kumapezekanso (Chithunzi 2B), kuwonetsa kusiyana pakati pa othawa Concordance. graph ndi kusinthika kwa ma virus pansi pa kukakamizidwa kwa ma antibodies mu cell cell.Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti E406W siingafikiridwe ndi kusintha kwa nucleotide kumodzi, zomwe zitha kufotokozera chifukwa chake kusankha kwa malo ogulitsira a Regeneron sikungazindikire ngakhale kulolerana kwabwino kwa RBD kupukutira ndi kuyanjana kwa ACE2.
(A) Pamaso pa ma antibodies, Regeneron amagwiritsa ntchito panicle pseudotype VSV kusankha masinthidwe othawa ma virus mu chikhalidwe cha cell (12).(B) Chithunzi chothawa, monga momwe chikuwonetsedwera pa Chithunzi 1A, koma chimangowonetsa masinthidwe omwe amafikiridwa ndi kusintha kumodzi kwa nucleotide mu mndandanda wa Wuhan-Hu-1.Zopanda imvi zimawonetsa kusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha maselo (ofiira), ndi odwala omwe ali ndi kachilombo (buluu)), kapena onse (wofiirira).Chithunzi S5 chikuwonetsa ma graph awa, omwe amapangidwa ndi momwe masinthidwe amakhudzira kuyanjana kwa ACE2 kapena RBD.(C) Kinetics ya kusintha kwa RBD kwa odwala omwe amathandizidwa ndi REGN-COV2 pa tsiku la 145th la matenda (mzere wakuda wolunjika).Kuchulukana kwa kulumikizana pakati pa E484A ndi F486I kudakwera, koma popeza E484A sikusintha kopulumukira m'chifaniziro chathu, sichiwonetsedwa m'magawo ena.Onaninso chithunzi.S4.(D) Kusintha kopulumukira komwe kumachitika mu chikhalidwe cha ma cell ndi odwala omwe ali ndi kachilombo kumafikirika ndi nucleotide imodzi, ndipo kumangirira kwa ma antibodies sikubweretsa mtengo waukulu ku ACE2 affinity [monga momwe amayezera njira yowonetsera yisiti (7)].Mfundo iliyonse ndi masinthidwe, ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndi mtundu wake zimawonetsa ngati zitha kupezeka ndikusankhidwa panthawi yakukula kwa kachilomboka.Malo akumanja kwambiri pa x-axis amawonetsa kuthawa kolimba kwa ma antibody;Mfundo zapamwamba pa y-axis zimawonetsa kuyanjana kwapamwamba kwa ACE2.
Kuti tidziwe ngati Escape Atlas ikhoza kusanthula kusinthika kwa ma virus omwe amapatsira anthu, tidawunika zambiri kuchokera kwa wodwala yemwe ali ndi kachilombo kosalekeza yemwe adalandira REGN-COV2 pa tsiku la 145 atapezeka ndi COVID-19 Chithandizo (16).Kuchiza mochedwa kumalola kuchuluka kwa ma virus a wodwala kuti adziunjike mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya majini, ena omwe amatha kuyendetsedwa ndi kupsinjika kwa chitetezo chamthupi, chifukwa wodwalayo amakhala ndi kuyankha kofooka kwa antibody asanalandire chithandizo (16).Pambuyo pakuwongolera kwa REGN-COV2, kuchuluka kwa masinthidwe asanu a amino acid mu RBD kunasintha mwachangu (Chithunzi 2C ndi Chithunzi S4).Mapu athu othawa adawonetsa kuti atatu mwa masinthidwe awa adathawa REGN10933 ndipo m'modzi adathawa REGN10987 (Chithunzi 2B).Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti pambuyo pa chithandizo cha antibody, si masinthidwe onse omwe adasamutsidwa kumalo okhazikika.M'malo mwake, pali kuwuka ndi kugwa kwa mpikisano (Chithunzi 2C).Izi zawonedwa pakusinthika kwamkati kwa ma virus ena (17, 18), mwina chifukwa cha mpikisano pakati pa ma genetic free-riding ndi ma virus mizere.Mphamvu zonsezi zikuwoneka kuti zimagwira ntchito kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osatha (Chithunzi 2C ndi Chithunzi S4C): E484A (osati kusintha kosinthika mu chithunzi chathu) ndi F486I (kuthawa REGN10933) kuthawa kwaufulu pambuyo pa chithandizo, ndi mibadwo yama virus yonyamula N440D Ndipo Q493K (kuthawa REGN10987 ndi REGN10933, motsatana) adayamba kupikisana ndi REGN10933 kuthawa mutant Y489H, kenako kupikisana ndi mzere wonyamula E484A ndi F486I ndi Q493K.
Zosintha zitatu mwa zinayi mwa odwala omwe adalandira chithandizo cha REGN-COV2 sanadziwike pakusankha kwa ma cell cell a Regeneron (Chithunzi 2B), zomwe zikuwonetsa ubwino wa mapu athunthu.Kusankha ma virus sikukwanira chifukwa amatha kuzindikira masinthidwe aliwonse osankhidwa mwachisawawa pamayesero amtundu wa cell.M'malo mwake, mapu athunthu amafotokozera masinthidwe onse, omwe angaphatikizepo masinthidwe obwera chifukwa cha zifukwa zosagwirizana ndi chithandizo, koma mwangozi kumakhudza kumangidwa kwa ma antibody.
Zachidziwikire, kusinthika kwa ma virus kumakhudzidwa ndi kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito komanso kukakamizidwa kuti apewe ma antibodies.Zosinthika ndi odwala omwe amasankhidwa mu chikhalidwe cha ma cell nthawi zonse amakumana ndi izi: amathawa kumangidwa kwa ma antibody, amatha kulowa mukusintha kamodzi kokha, ndipo amakhala ndi mtengo wocheperako kapena alibe mtengo wogwirizana ndi ACE2 [kudzera mu masinthidwe akuya am'mbuyomu omwe adawonetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito yisiti Scanning muyeso RBD (7) )] (Chithunzi 2D ndi Chithunzi S5).Chifukwa chake, mapu athunthu amomwe masinthidwe amakhudzira ma key biochemical phenotypes a RBD (monga ACE ndi antibody binding) angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyesa njira zomwe zingasinthire ma virus.Chenjezo limodzi ndilakuti mu nthawi yayitali yachisinthiko, monga momwe zimawonera chitetezo cha ma virus komanso kuthawa kwa mankhwala, chifukwa cha kuyanjana kwa epistatic, malo olekerera masinthidwe amatha kusintha (19-21).
Mapu athunthu amatipatsa mwayi wowunika kusintha komwe kunachitika mu SARS-CoV-2.Tidayang'ana machitidwe onse opangidwa ndi anthu a SARS-CoV-2 kuyambira Januware 11, 2021 ndipo tidapeza kuti masinthidwe ambiri a RBD adathawa chitetezo chimodzi kapena zingapo (Chithunzi 3).Komabe, kusintha kokhako kopulumukirako komwe kulipo mu > 0.1% ya mndandanda ndi REGN10933 kuthawa mutant Y453F [0.3% ya kutsatizana;onani (12)], REGN10987 kuthawa mutant N439K [1.7% ya ndondomeko;onani Chithunzi 1C ndi (22)], Ndipo LY-CoV016 kuthawa kusintha kwa K417N (kutsatizana kwa 0.1%; onaninso Chithunzi 1C).Y453F imagwirizanitsidwa ndi miliri yodziyimira payokha yokhudzana ndi minda ya mink ku Netherlands ndi Denmark (23, 24);ndizoyenera kudziwa kuti mndandanda wa mink nthawi zina umakhala ndi masinthidwe ena othawa, monga F486L (24).N439K ndi yotchuka kwambiri ku Europe, ndipo imapanga gawo lalikulu lazotsatira kuchokera ku Scotland ndi Ireland ku Europe (22, 25).K417N ilipo mumzera wa B.1.351 womwe unapezeka koyamba ku South Africa (10).Kusintha kwina kwa nkhawa pano ndi N501Y, yomwe ilipo mu B.1.351 komanso mumzera wa B.1.1.7 womwe udadziwika koyambirira ku UK (9).Mapu athu akuwonetsa kuti N501Y ilibe mphamvu pa anti-REGN-COV2, koma imangokhala yocheperako pa LY-CoV016 (Chithunzi 3).
Pakuphatikizika kwa antibody kapena antibody, kuyambira Januware 11, 2021, pakati pa 317,866 yotengedwa ndi anthu ya SARS-CoV-2 yotsatizana pa GISAID (26), ubale pakati pa kuthawa kwa kusintha kulikonse ndi kuchuluka kwake.Ndi chizindikiro.REGN-COV2 cocktail mutation E406W imafuna masinthidwe angapo a nucleotide mu mndandanda wa Wuhan-Hu-1 RBD, ndipo sizimawonedwa munjira ya GISAID.Kusintha kwina kwa zotsalira za E406 (E406Q ndi E406D) kunkawoneka ndikuwerengera pafupipafupi, koma ma mutant amino acid sikusintha kwa nucleotide komwe kuli kutali ndi W.
Monga momwe zimayembekezeredwa, zosinthika zopulumukira nthawi zambiri zimachitika pamawonekedwe a antibody-RBD.Komabe, kupanga kokha sikokwanira kuneneratu za masinthidwe omwe angayambitse kuthawa.Mwachitsanzo, LY-CoV016 imagwiritsa ntchito unyolo wake wolemera komanso wopepuka kumangirira ku epitope yayikulu yomwe imadutsa pamwamba pa ACE2, koma njira yopulumukira imaphatikizapo masinthidwe a zotsalira za RBD m'chigawo chodziwika bwino cha unyolo (Chithunzi 4A ndi Chithunzi S6, E mpaka G).Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kuthawa kwa REGN10933 ndi REGN10987 makamaka kunachitika pa zotsalira za RBD zokhala ndi mawonekedwe a antibody heavy and light chain (Chithunzi 4A ndi Chithunzi S6, A mpaka D).Kusintha kwa E406W komwe kunathawa kusakaniza kwa REGN-COV2 kunachitika pa zotsalira zomwe sizinagwirizane ndi ma antibody (Chithunzi 4, A ndi B).Ngakhale E406 ili pafupi kwambiri ndi LY-CoV016 (Chithunzi 4B ndi Chithunzi S6H), kusintha kwa E406W kumakhala ndi mphamvu yaying'ono kwambiri pa antibody (Chithunzi 1, B ndi C), kusonyeza kuti kamangidwe kake kakutali ndi anti-REGN. - COV2 antibody (Chithunzi S6I).Mwachidule, masinthidwe a zotsalira za RBD pokhudzana ndi ma antibodies sakhala pakati pa kuthawa, ndipo kusintha kwakukulu kopulumukira kumachitika pa zotsalira zomwe sizimakhudzana ndi ma antibodies (Chithunzi 4B ndi Chithunzi S6, D ndi G).
(A) Chithunzi chopulumukira chojambulidwa pa RBD yomangidwa ndi antibody.[REGN10933 ndi REGN10987: Mapuloteni Database (PDB) ID 6XDG (11);LY-CoV016: PDB ID 7C01 (13)].Magawo osinthika a maunyolo olemera ndi opepuka a antibody amawonetsedwa ngati makatuni abuluu, ndipo mtundu womwe uli pamwamba pa RBD ukuwonetsa mphamvu ya kuthawa kosinthika pamalopo (zoyera zikuwonetsa kuti palibe kuthawa, ndipo zofiira zikuwonetsa mwamphamvu kwambiri. malo othawirako antibody kapena kusakaniza).Masamba omwe sanasinthidwe amasinthidwa ndi imvi.(B) Pa antibody iliyonse, ikani malowa ngati ma antibody omwe amalumikizana mwachindunji (maatomu osakhala a haidrojeni mkati mwa 4Å wa antibody), antibody proximal (4 mpaka 8Å) kapena distal antibody (> 8Å).Mfundo iliyonse ikuyimira malo, ogawidwa kuthawa (ofiira) kapena osathawa (wakuda).Mzere wotuwa umayimira mtengo wofunikira womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito poyika tsambalo ngati kuthawa kapena kusathawa (kuti mumve zambiri, onani Zida ndi Njira).Nambala zofiira ndi zakuda zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa masamba omwe athawidwa kapena osathawa.
Mu kafukufukuyu, tapanga mapu a masinthidwe omwe amapewa ma antibodies atatu akuluakulu a anti-SARS-CoV-2.Mapu awa akuwonetsa kuti mawonekedwe am'mbuyomu a masinthidwe othawa ndi osakwanira.Palibe masinthidwe amodzi a amino acid omwe amatha kuthawa ma antibodies awiri muzakudya za REGN-COV2 omwe adadziwika, komanso sanazindikire odwala ambiri omwe akudwala omwe amathandizidwa ndi malo ogulitsira.kusintha.Zachidziwikire, mapu athu sanayankhebe funso lovuta kwambiri: Kodi SARS-CoV-2 iyamba kukana ma antibodies awa?Koma chomwe chiri chotsimikizika ndichakuti ndizodetsa nkhawa kuti masinthidwe ambiri othawa alibe mphamvu pakupindika kwa RBD kapena kuyanjana kwa receptor, ndipo pali kale masinthidwe otsika pama virus ozungulira.Pamapeto pake, ndikofunikira kudikirira ndikuwona zomwe SARS-CoV-2 idzafalitse ikafalikira pakati pa anthu.Ntchito yathu ithandiza "kuyang'ana" pofotokozera nthawi yomweyo zotsatira za masinthidwe osankhidwa ndi ma virus genome surveillance.
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Funsoli limagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa ngati ndinu mlendo ndikuletsa kutumiza sipamu zokha.
Tyler N.Starr, Allison J.Greaney, Amin Addetia, William W. Hannon, Manish C. Choudhary (Manish C. Choudhary), Adam S. Dinges (Adam S.
Mapu athunthu osinthika a SARS-CoV-2 omwe amathawa kusakaniza kwa Regeneron monoclonal antibody amathandizira kufotokozera kusinthika kwa kachilomboka pochiritsa odwala.
Tyler N.Starr, Allison J.Greaney, Amin Addetia, William W. Hannon, Manish C. Choudhary (Manish C. Choudhary), Adam S. Dinges (Adam S.
Mapu athunthu osinthika a SARS-CoV-2 omwe amathawa kusakaniza kwa Regeneron monoclonal antibody amathandizira kufotokozera kusinthika kwa kachilomboka pochiritsa odwala.
©2021 American Association for the Advancement of Science.maumwini onse ndi otetezedwa.AAAS ndi mnzake wa HINARI, AGORA, OARE, CHORUS, CLOCKSS, CrossRef ndi COUNTER.Science ISSN 1095-9203.
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-24-2021