Igitekerezo ni uguteza imbere umusaruro w’ubuhinzi muri iki gihugu, mu gihe Nigeriya ishaka guhindura ingano y’ibiribwa.
Nyamara, intambwe yambere izaba iy'igihugu kugira ngo ibashe kwihaza mu biribwa byibuze “twongere imirire yacu” hanyuma ihagarike ibiryo bya Luck bitumizwa mu mahanga.Byashoboraga gufasha kuzigama amadovize make hanyuma akayakoresha mubindi bikenewe cyane.
Icy'ingenzi mu kugera ku kwihaza mu biribwa ni ngombwa gushyigikira abahinzi bo muri Nijeriya, benshi muri bo bakaba bakora ubuhinzi buciriritse bwihagije kugira ngo bashakishe ubuhinzi bunini bw’imashini n’ubucuruzi.Ibi byatumye habaho igitekerezo cya gahunda yo kuguriza inguzanyo yatejwe imbere na Banki Nkuru ya Nijeriya (CBN)
Gahunda y'inguzanyo ya Anchor (ABP) yatangijwe na Perezida Buhari ku ya 17 Ugushyingo 2015 igamije guha abahinzi bato (SHF) amafaranga n'amafaranga yinjira mu buhinzi.Gahunda igamije gushyiraho amasano hagati yamasosiyete akora imirimo yo gutunganya ibiribwa na SHF kubicuruzwa byingenzi byubuhinzi binyuze mumashyirahamwe yibicuruzwa.
Perezida akomeje kubuza CBN gutanga amadovize ku bicuruzwa bitumiza mu mahanga kugira ngo ashishikarize umusaruro w’ibiribwa byaho, yavuze ko ari intambwe iganisha ku kwihaza mu biribwa.
Buhari aherutse gushimangira ubuhinzi mu nama yagiranye n’abagize itsinda ry’ubukungu.Muri iyo nama yabwiye Abanyanijeriya ko gushingira ku bicuruzwa biva muri peteroli bitagishoboye gukomeza ubukungu bw’igihugu.
Ati: “Tuzakomeza gushishikariza abaturage bacu gusubira muri iki gihugu.Intore zacu zashizwemo igitekerezo cyuko dufite amavuta menshi, kandi dusize igihugu mumujyi gushaka amavuta.
“Ubu twasubiye ku butaka.Ntidukwiye gutakaza amahirwe yo koroshya ubuzima bwabaturage bacu.Tekereza uko byagenda turamutse duciye intege ubuhinzi.
Ati: “Ubu, inganda za peteroli ziri mu gihirahiro.Ibicuruzwa byacu bya buri munsi byaragabanutse kugera kuri miliyoni 1.5, mugihe umusaruro wa buri munsi ari miliyoni 2.3.Muri icyo gihe, ugereranije n'umusaruro ukomoka mu burasirazuba bwo hagati, igiciro cya tekiniki kuri buri barrale kiri hejuru. ”
ABP yabanje kwibandaho ni umuceri, ariko uko igihe cyagendaga gihita, idirishya ryibicuruzwa ryagutse kugira ngo ryakire ibicuruzwa byinshi, nk'ibigori, imyumbati, amasaka, ipamba ndetse na ginger.Abagenerwabikorwa b'iyi gahunda babanje guturuka ku bahinzi 75.000 bo muri leta 26 z’ubumwe, ariko ubu yongerewe kugeza ku bahinzi miliyoni 3 bo muri leta 36 z’intara n’intara y’umurwa mukuru.
Abahinzi bafashwe muri gahunda barimo abahinzi ingano, ipamba, ibirayi, ibisheke, ibiti, ibishyimbo, inyanya n'amatungo.Gahunda ifasha abahinzi kubona inguzanyo zubuhinzi muri CBN kwagura ibikorwa byabo byubuhinzi no kongera umusaruro.
Inguzanyo zitangwa ku bagenerwabikorwa binyuze muri banki zibitsa, ibigo by'imari by'iterambere, na banki ziciriritse, ibyo byose bikaba byemewe na ABP nk'ibigo by'imari bitabira (PFI).
Biteganijwe ko abahinzi bazakoresha ibikomoka ku buhinzi byasaruwe kugira ngo bishyure inguzanyo mu gihe cy'isarura.Ibikomoka ku buhinzi byasaruwe bigomba kwishyura inguzanyo (harimo n’inyungu n’inyungu) kuri “inanga”, hanyuma inanga ikishyura amafaranga ahwanye na konti y’umuhinzi.Ingingo ya Anchor irashobora kuba nini nini yigenga itunganijwe cyangwa leta ya leta.Fata Kebbi nk'urugero, leta ya leta nurufunguzo.
ABP yabanje kubona inkunga ingana na miliyari 220 z'abayobozi baturutse mu kigega gishinzwe guteza imbere imishinga iciriritse, iciriritse n'iciriritse (MSMEDF), aho abahinzi bashobora kubona inguzanyo ya 9%.Biteganijwe ko bazishyurwa hashingiwe ku gihe cyo gutwita kw'ibicuruzwa.
Guverineri wa CBN, Godwin Emefiele, ubwo yasuzumaga ABP vuba aha yavuze ko gahunda yerekanye ko ari impinduka ihungabanya umutekano wa SHF muri Nigeriya.
Ati: “Gahunda yahinduye rwose uburyo ubuhinzi buterwa inkunga kandi bukomeje kuba intandaro ya gahunda yo guhindura urwego rw'ubuhinzi.Ntabwo ari igikoresho gusa cyo kuzamura ubukungu, guhanga imirimo no kugabana umutungo, ahubwo binateza imbere kwinjiza amafaranga mu cyaro cyacu. ”
Emefiele yavuze ko abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 200, gukomeza gutumiza mu mahanga ibiribwa bizagabanya ububiko bw’igihugu hanze, imirimo yohereza ibicuruzwa muri ibyo bihugu bitanga ibiribwa, kandi bigoreka urwego rw’ibicuruzwa.
Yagize ati: “Niba tudatereranye igitekerezo cyo gutumiza mu mahanga ibiribwa no kongera umusaruro waho, ntituzashobora kwishingira itangwa ry'ibikoresho fatizo ku masosiyete ajyanye n'ubuhinzi.”
Mu rwego rwo kurinda umutekano w’ibiribwa no kurushaho gushishikariza abahinzi guhangana n’icyorezo cya COVID-19 n’umwuzure w’imiryango myinshi y’ubuhinzi mu majyaruguru ya Nijeriya, ku nkunga ya ABP, CBN iherutse kwemeza izindi nkunga zizakorana na SHF zifite kimwe ibyago.
Iki cyemezo gishya giteganijwe kongera umusaruro w’ibiribwa mu gihe hagabanywa ifaranga ry’ifaranga, mu gihe kugabanya ingaruka z’abahinzi ku kigero cya 75% kugeza kuri 50%.Bizongera ingwate ya Banki ya Vertex kuva kuri 25% kugeza kuri 50%.
Bwana Yusuf Yila, Umuyobozi ushinzwe imari ishinzwe iterambere rya CBN, yijeje abahinzi ko banki yiteguye kwakira ibitekerezo bifasha gukemura ibibazo no kongera umusaruro.
Ati: “Intego nyamukuru ni uguha abahinzi amafaranga menshi yo gutera igihe cy'izuba, bikaba biri mu bikorwa byacu byo kwifashisha ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe by'ingenzi.
Yagize ati: “Urebye ibyabaye mu gihugu, harimo n'icyorezo cya COVID-19, iki gikorwa gikwiranye n'icyiciro gikomeye cy'iterambere ry'ubukungu.”
Yila yashimangiye ko gahunda yakuye SHF ibihumbi mu bukene kandi ihanga imirimo miriyoni ku bashomeri muri Nijeriya.
Yavuze ko ibiranga ABP ari ugukoresha imbuto zujuje ubuziranenge no gushyira umukono ku masezerano ya offtake kugira ngo abahinzi bagire isoko ryiteguye ku giciro cy’isoko ryumvikanyweho.
Mu rwego rwo gushyigikira ubukungu butandukanye bwa guverinoma, CBN iherutse gukurura abahinzi b’ipamba 256.000 mu gihe cy’ihinga 2020 babifashijwemo na ABP.
Ira yavuze ko kubera ko banki yiyemeje kubyaza umusaruro ipamba, inganda z’imyenda ubu zifite ibikoresho bihagije by’ipamba.
Ati: “CBN iragerageza kugarura icyubahiro cy'inganda zikora imyenda yahoze ikoresha abantu miliyoni 10 mu gihugu hose.
Yagize ati: “Mu myaka ya za 1980, twatakaje icyubahiro kubera magendu, kandi igihugu cyacu cyahindutse imyanda y'ibikoresho by'imyenda.”
Yababajwe no kuba igihugu cyakoresheje miliyari 5 z'amadolari mu bikoresho by'imyenda bitumizwa mu mahanga kandi yongeraho ko banki ifata ingamba kugira ngo urwego rwose rw'agaciro rw'inganda ruterwa inkunga ku nyungu z'igihugu ndetse n'igihugu.
Bwana Chika Nwaja, ukuriye ABP muri Apex Bank, yavuze ko kuva iyi gahunda yatangira bwa mbere mu 2015, gahunda yateje impinduramatwara mu biribwa muri Nijeriya.
Nwaja yavuze ko ubu gahunda yakira abahinzi miliyoni 3, bateye hegitari miliyoni 1.7 z'ubutaka.Yahamagariye abafatanyabikorwa gukoresha uburyo bunoze bwo guhinga kugira ngo umusaruro wiyongere.
Yagize ati: “Nubwo isi yose yamaze kubara imibare mu mpinduramatwara ya kane y’ubuhinzi, Nijeriya iracyafite ingorane zo guhangana n’impinduramatwara ya kabiri ikoreshwa.”
Abagenerwabikorwa bombi ba mbere muri guverinoma n’impinduramatwara y’ubuhinzi ya ABP ni leta za Kebbi na Lagos.Ubufatanye hagati y’ibihugu byombi bwabyaye umushinga “Umuceri”.Ubu, iyi gahunda yatumye leta ya Lagos yubaka uruganda rwumuceri rutanga toni 32 metrici za miliyari naira kumasaha.
Uruganda rwumuceri rwatekerejwe nuwahoze ari guverineri wa Lagos, Akinwunmi Ambode, biteganijwe ko ruzarangira mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2021.
Komiseri ushinzwe ubuhinzi muri Leta ya Lagos, Madamu Abisola Olusanya, yavuze ko uru ruganda ruzaha Abanyanijeriya amahirwe yo kubona akazi binyuze mu guhanga imirimo 250.000, bityo bikazamura ubukungu bw’igihugu kandi bikazamura ubukungu bwihuse.
Mu buryo nk'ubwo, Abubakar Bello, umuyobozi w’ishyirahamwe ry’ibigori muri Nijeriya, yashimye CBN kuba yarahaye abanyamuryango imbuto z’ibigori zitanga umusaruro mwinshi binyuze muri ABP, ariko kandi yizeza ko igihugu kizahita cyihaza mu bigori.
Muri rusange, ibimenyetso byagaragaje ko “CBN Anchor Borrower Program” ari uruhare rukomeye mu buhinzi bwa Nijeriya.Nibikomeza, bizafasha gushimangira guverinoma ishinzwe ibiribwa na politiki yo kuzamura ubukungu.
Ariko, gahunda ihura nibibazo bimwe na bimwe, cyane cyane ko abagenerwabikorwa bamwe badashobora kwishyura inguzanyo zabo.
Amakuru aturuka muri CBN yavuze ko icyorezo cya COVID-19 cyadindije kugarura umurongo w’inguzanyo “uzunguruka” w’abashoramari bagera kuri miliyari 240 bahabwa abahinzi-borozi bato ndetse n’abatunganya muri gahunda.
Abafatanyabikorwa bafite impungenge ko kutishyura inguzanyo bivuze ko abafata ibyemezo bateganya kurushaho kurushaho gutera inkunga inkunga irambye y’ubuhinzi n’intego zo kwihaza mu biribwa.
Icyakora, Abanyanijeriya benshi bafite icyizere ko niba “gahunda yo kuguriza inanga” iramutse ikuze kandi igashimangirwa, bizagira uruhare mu kuzamura umutekano w’ibiribwa mu gihugu, guteza imbere ubukungu butandukanye, no kongera amafaranga y’ivunjisha mu gihugu.umuhanda.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-06-2021