Uburyo bwo kwiga butagenzuwe burasabwa kumenya intara z’ibidukikije ku isi (eco-intara) zishingiye ku miterere y’umuryango wa plankton hamwe namakuru yintungamubiri.Uburyo bwa sisitemu ihuriweho n’ibidukikije (SAGE) irashobora kwerekana intara z’ibidukikije mu buryo bw’ibidukikije bidafite umurongo.Kugirango uhuze na covariance itari iya Gaussiya yamakuru, SAGE ikoresha t umuturanyi uteganijwe gushira (t-SNE) kugirango agabanye ibipimo.Hifashishijwe porogaramu y’urusaku rushingiye kuri algorithm ya DBSCAN yubucucike bushingiye ku bucucike, intara zirenga ijana z’ibidukikije zirashobora kumenyekana.Ukoresheje ikarita ihuza imiyoboro itandukanye n’ibidukikije nkigipimo cyintera, intara y’ibidukikije ikomatanyije (AEP) isobanurwa neza binyuze mu ntara z’ibidukikije.Hifashishijwe AEPs, hagenzuwe kugenzura igipimo cyintungamubiri ku miterere yabaturage.Eco-intara na AEP birihariye kandi birashobora gufasha gusobanura icyitegererezo.Bashobora koroshya kugereranya hagati yicyitegererezo kandi birashobora kongera imyumvire no kugenzura urusobe rwibinyabuzima byo mu nyanja.
Intara ni uturere aho biogeografiya igoye ku nyanja cyangwa ku butaka itunganijwe ahantu hamwe kandi hasobanutse (1).Izi ntara ningirakamaro cyane mukugereranya no gutandukanya ahantu, biranga kwitegereza, kugenzura no kurinda.Imikoranire igoye kandi idafite umurongo itanga izo ntara bituma uburyo bwo kwiga imashini itagenzuwe (ML) ikwiranye cyane no kumenya intara zifite intego, kuko kubana mumibare biragoye kandi bitari Gaussian.Hano, hashyizweho uburyo bwa ML, bugaragaza buri gihe intara zidasanzwe z’ibidukikije zo mu nyanja (intara z’ibidukikije) uhereye i Darwin ku isi hose-bitatu (3D) umubiri / urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima (2).Ijambo "ridasanzwe" rikoreshwa mu kwerekana ko agace kamenyekanye kadahuye neza n'utundi turere.Ubu buryo bwitwa sisitemu ihuriweho n’ibidukikije (SAGE).Kugirango ukore ibyiciro byingirakamaro, uburyo bwa algorithm bugomba kwemerera (i) gutondekanya isi yose (ii) isesengura rinini rishobora guterwa / guhuriza hamwe mumwanya no mugihe (3).Muri ubu bushakashatsi, uburyo bwa SAGE bwatanzwe bwa mbere hanyuma haganirwaho intara z’ibidukikije.Intara z’ibidukikije zirashobora guteza imbere gusobanukirwa n’ibintu bigenzura imiterere y’abaturage, bigatanga ubumenyi bwingirakamaro mu ngamba zo gukurikirana, kandi bigafasha gukurikirana impinduka z’ibidukikije.
Intara zo ku isi ubusanzwe zishyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe ibisa n’ikirere (imvura n’ubushyuhe), ubutaka, ibimera, n’ibinyabuzima, kandi bikoreshwa mu micungire y’abafasha, ubushakashatsi ku binyabuzima, no kurwanya indwara (1, 4).Intara zo mu nyanja ziragoye kubisobanura.Ibinyabuzima byinshi ni microscopique, ifite imbibi zamazi.Longhurst n'abandi.(5) Yatanze kimwe mu byiciro bya mbere ku isi bya Minisiteri y’inyanja ishingiye ku bidukikije.Ibisobanuro by'izi ntara za “Longhurst” bikubiyemo impinduka nko kuvanga igipimo, gutondekanya, hamwe no kutagira imirasire, hamwe n'uburambe bunini bwa Longhurst nk'umuhanga mu nyanja wo mu nyanja, ufite ibindi bintu by'ingenzi ku bidukikije byo mu nyanja.Longhurst yakoreshejwe cyane, kurugero, gusuzuma umusaruro wibanze n’amazi ya karubone, uburobyi bw’ubufasha, na gahunda mubikorwa byo kureba (5-9).Kugirango dusobanure intara muburyo bufite intego, hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa fuzzy logic hamwe na cluster yo mukarere itagenzuwe / imibare (9-14).Intego yubu buryo ni ukumenya inzego zifite akamaro zishobora kumenya intara mumibare iboneka.Kurugero, intara zo mu nyanja zifite imbaraga (12) zikoresha amakarita yo kwitegura kugirango igabanye urusaku, kandi ikoreshe ihuriro (rishingiye ku biti) kugira ngo hamenyekane ibicuruzwa byo mu nyanja bikomoka kuri satelite yo mu karere [chlorophyll a (Chl-a), uburebure bwa Fluorescence busanzwe kandi ibara ryamashanyarazi yamashanyarazi] hamwe numurima wumubiri (ubushyuhe bwubuso bwinyanja nubunyu, ubutumburuke bwimiterere nubutaka bwinyanja).
Imiterere yabaturage ya plankton iteye impungenge kuko ibidukikije byayo bigira uruhare runini kurwego rwintungamubiri nyinshi, kwinjiza karubone nikirere.Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, biracyari intego itoroshye kandi itoroshye kumenya intara y’ibidukikije ku isi ishingiye ku miterere ya plankton.Satelite yamabara yinyanja irashobora gutanga ubushishozi mubyiciro bito bya phytoplankton cyangwa bikerekana ibyiza byamatsinda akora (15), ariko kuri ubu ntibashobora gutanga amakuru arambuye kumiterere yabaturage.Ubushakashatsi buherutse [urugero: inyanja ya Tara (16)] itanga ibipimo bitigeze bibaho byimiterere yabaturage;kurubu, hano haribintu bidakunze kugaragara mubipimo byisi (17).Ubushakashatsi bwibanze bwerekanye ahanini "Intara ya Biogeochemiki" (12, 14, 18) hashingiwe ku kugena ibinyabuzima bisa (nk'umusaruro wibanze, Chl n'umucyo uhari).Hano, icyitegererezo cyumubare gikoreshwa mugusohora [Darwin (2)], kandi intara yibidukikije igenwa ukurikije imiterere yabaturage hamwe nintungamubiri.Icyitegererezo cyumubare ukoreshwa muri ubu bushakashatsi gifite isi yose kandi gishobora kugereranywa namakuru yo mumirima iriho (17) hamwe no kurebera kure (Icyitonderwa S1).Imibare yimibare ikoreshwa muri ubu bushakashatsi ifite ibyiza byo gukwirakwiza isi.Icyitegererezo cyibinyabuzima kigizwe nubwoko 35 bwa phytoplankton nubwoko 16 bwa zooplankton (nyamuneka reba ibikoresho nuburyo).Ubwoko bw'icyitegererezo bwa plankton bukorana muburyo butandukanye hamwe na covariance ya Gaussiya, kuburyo bworoshye bwo kwisuzumisha ntibukwiriye kumenya imiterere yihariye kandi ihamye mumiryango igaragara.Uburyo bwa SAGE bwatangijwe hano butanga uburyo bushya bwo kugenzura umusaruro wa moderi igoye ya Darwin.
Ubushobozi bukomeye bwo guhindura amakuru yubumenyi / ML ikorana buhanga irashobora gutuma ibisubizo byikitegererezo bigoye byerekana ibisubizo bigoye ariko bikomeye muburyo bwo guhuza amakuru.Uburyo bukomeye busobanurwa nkuburyo bushobora kubyara ubudahemuka ibisubizo murwego runaka rwamakosa.Ndetse no muri sisitemu yoroshye, kumenya imiterere n'ibimenyetso bikomeye birashobora kuba ikibazo.Kugeza igihe impanvu iganisha ku cyitegererezo cyagenwe, hagaragaye ibintu bigoye bisa nkibigoye / bigoye kubikemura.Inzira yingenzi yo gushiraho ibice byibinyabuzima ntabwo ari umurongo muri kamere.Kubaho kwimikoranire itari kumurongo birashobora kwitiranya ibyiciro bikomeye, birakenewe rero kwirinda uburyo butanga ibitekerezo bikomeye kubyerekeranye no gukwirakwiza imibare fatizo yo gukwirakwiza amakuru.Amakuru yo murwego rwohejuru kandi adafite umurongo arasanzwe mumyanyanja kandi ashobora kuba afite imiterere ya covariance hamwe na topologiya itoroshye, itari Gaussia.Nubwo amakuru afite imiterere ya covariance itari Gaussiya ashobora kubangamira ibyiciro bikomeye, uburyo bwa SAGE ni agashya kuko bwashizweho kugirango tumenye amahuriro hamwe na topologiya uko bishakiye.
Intego yuburyo bwa SAGE ni ukumenya neza uburyo bugaragara bushobora gufasha kurushaho gusobanukirwa ibidukikije.Gukurikira ihuriro rishingiye ku bikorwa bisa na (19), impinduka z’ibidukikije nintungamubiri zikoreshwa mu kumenya ihuriro ryonyine mu makuru, ryitwa intara y’ibidukikije.Uburyo bwa SAGE bwasabwe muri ubu bushakashatsi (Igishusho 1) banza kugabanya ibipimo kuva kuri 55 kugeza kuri 11 mugutondekanya amatsinda yimikorere ya plankton yasobanuye priori (reba Ibikoresho nuburyo).Ukoresheje t-random umuturanyi ushiramo (t-SNE), ingano iragabanuka mugushushanya ibishoboka mumwanya wa 3D.Ihuriro ridakurikiranwa rishobora kwerekana ahantu hegereye ibidukikije [ubucucike bushingiye ku buso butandukanye (DBSCAN) kubikorwa bishingiye ku rusaku].Byombi t-SNE na DBSCAN birakoreshwa muburyo bwimiterere idafite umurongo wibidukikije.Noneho wamagane intara y'ibidukikije yavuyemo kwisi.Intara zirenga ijana zidasanzwe z’ibidukikije zamenyekanye, zikwiranye n’ubushakashatsi mu karere.Mu rwego rwo gusuzuma icyitegererezo cy’ibidukikije ku isi hose, uburyo bwa SAGE bukoreshwa mu guhuriza hamwe intara z’ibidukikije mu ntara zegeranye n’ibidukikije (AEP) hagamijwe kunoza imikorere y’intara z’ibidukikije.Urwego rwo guteranya (bita "complexe") rushobora guhinduka kurwego rwibisabwa.Menya byibuze ibintu bigoye bya AEP ikomeye.Ibyibandwaho mu guhitamo nuburyo bwa SAGE no gucukumbura ibibazo bito bito bya AEP kugirango hamenyekane igenzura ryinzego zihutirwa.Ibishushanyo birashobora gusesengurwa kugirango bitange ubushishozi bwibidukikije.Uburyo bwatangijwe hano burashobora kandi gukoreshwa mugereranya ryikitegererezo cyane, kurugero, mugusuzuma aho intara zisa n’ibidukikije ziboneka mu ngero zitandukanye kugirango zigaragaze itandukaniro n’ibisa, kugirango ugereranye icyitegererezo.
(A) Igishushanyo mbonera cyibikorwa byo kumenya intara y’ibidukikije;ukoresheje igiteranyo mumatsinda ikora kugirango ugabanye amakuru yumwimerere 55-yimibare kugeza kuri 11-yerekana umusaruro, harimo biomass ya karindwi ikora / intungamubiri plankton hamwe nibiciro bine byintungamubiri.Agaciro gake hamwe nigihe kirekire cyo gutwikira urubura.Ibyatanzwe byashyizwe ahagaragara kandi birasanzwe.Tanga amakuru-11 kuri t-SNE algorithm kugirango ugaragaze imibare isa nibintu bihuza.DBSCAN izahitamo neza cluster kugirango ushireho ibipimo byagaciro.Kurangiza umushinga amakuru asubire kumurongo / uburebure.Nyamuneka menya ko iki gikorwa gisubirwamo inshuro 10 kuko ikintu gito gishobora kuvuka ukoresheje t-SNE.(B) asobanura uburyo bwo kubona AEP usubiramo akazi muri (A) inshuro 10.Kuri buri kimwe muri ibyo 10 byashyizwe mu bikorwa, matrike yo hagati y’intara ya Bray-Curtis (BC) yagenwe hashingiwe kuri biomass yubwoko 51 bwa phytoplankton.Menya itandukaniro rya BC hagati yintara, uhereye kumurongo 1 AEP kugeza kumurongo wuzuye 115. Ibipimo bya BC byashyizweho nintara ya Longhurst.
Uburyo bwa SAGE bukoresha ibisohoka kwisi ya 3D physique / ecosystem numero yumubare kugirango isobanure intara yibidukikije [Darwin (2);reba Ibikoresho nuburyo hamwe na S1].Ibigize urusobe rwibinyabuzima bigizwe nubwoko 35 bwa phytoplankton nubwoko 16 bwa zooplankton, hamwe nitsinda ririndwi ryateganijwe mbere: prokaryote na eukaryote byahujwe n’ibidukikije bifite intungamubiri nke, coccidia hamwe na karisiyumu ya karubone, hamwe nintungamubiri za azote (ubusanzwe zabuze intungamubiri zingenzi), hamwe no gupfundikanya silice, irashobora gukora izindi plankton fotosintezeza no kurisha intungamubiri zivanze nintungamubiri hamwe nabashumba ba zooplankton.Ingano ingana ni 0,6 kugeza 2500μm ihwanye na diameter.Ikwirakwizwa ryikitegererezo ryubunini bwa phytoplankton hamwe nitsinda rikora bifata ibintu byose bigaragara muri satelite no kureba neza (reba Ishusho S1 kugeza S3).Isano iri hagati yikigereranyo cyumubare ninyanja yagaragaye byerekana ko intara zasobanuwe nicyitegererezo zishobora gukoreshwa kumyanyanja iri.Nyamuneka menya ko iyi moderi ifata gusa ubudasa bwa phytoplankton, hamwe gusa ningingo zimwe na zimwe zihatira umubiri ninyanja.Uburyo bwa SAGE burashobora gutuma abantu bumva neza uburyo bwo kugenzura uturere twinshi twerekana imiterere yabaturage.
Mugushyiramo gusa igiteranyo cya biomass yo hejuru (hamwe nimpuzandengo yimyaka 20) muri buri tsinda ryimikorere ya plankton, ibipimo byamakuru birashobora kugabanuka.Nyuma yubushakashatsi bwambere bwerekanye uruhare rwabo mugushiraho imiterere yabaturage, harimo n'amagambo yo hejuru yubutaka bwintungamubiri (gutanga azote, fer, fosifate na aside silike) [urugero (20, 21)].Incamake yimiryango ikora igabanya ikibazo kuva 55 (51 plankton na 4 intungamubiri) kugeza kuri 11.Muri ubu bushakashatsi bwambere, kubera imbogamizi zo kubara zashyizweho na algorithm, ubujyakuzimu nigihe cyo guhinduka ntibyigeze bisuzumwa.
Uburyo bwa SAGE burashobora kumenya umubano wingenzi hagati yimikorere idafite umurongo nibintu byingenzi byimikoranire hagati yitsinda ryimikorere ya biomass nintungamubiri.Gukoresha imibare 11-ishingiye ku buryo bwo kwiga intera ya Euclidea (nka K-bisobanura) ntibishobora kubona intara zizewe kandi zororoka (19, 22).Ni ukubera ko nta shusho ya Gaussiya iboneka mugusaranganya shingiro rya covariance yibintu byingenzi bisobanura intara yibidukikije.K-uburyo bwa selile Voronoi (imirongo igororotse) ntishobora kugumana ikwirakwizwa ryibanze ritari Gaussia.
Biyomass yimiryango irindwi ikora ya plankton hamwe nintungamubiri enye zintungamubiri zigizwe na 11-ya vector x.Kubwibyo, x ni vector yumurima kuri moderi ya gride, aho buri kintu xi kigereranya icyerekezo 11-cyerekanwe kuri moderi itambitse.Buri cyegeranyo i kidasanzwe cyerekana grid point kumurongo, aho (lon, lat) = (ϕi, θi).Niba biomass yikitegererezo cyicyitegererezo kiri munsi ya 1,2 × 10-3mg Chl / m3 cyangwa igipimo cyo gukwirakwiza urubura kirenga 70%, logi yamakuru ya biomass irakoreshwa ikajugunywa.Ibyatanzwe ni ibisanzwe kandi birasanzwe, bityo amakuru yose ari murwego rwa [0 kugeza 1], uburyo bwakuweho kandi bupimwa kubice bitandukanye.Ibi bikorwa kugirango ibiranga (biomass nintungamubiri zintungamubiri) bitagarukira kubitandukanya murwego rwindangagaciro zishoboka.Ihuriro rigomba gufata isano ihinduka kuva urufunguzo rushoboka hagati yimiterere kuruta intera ya geografiya.Mugereranya intera, ibintu byingenzi bigaragara, mugihe ibisobanuro bitari ngombwa byajugunywe.Duhereye ku bidukikije, ibi birakenewe kuko ubwoko bumwebumwe bwa phytoplankton hamwe na biyomasi nkeya bishobora kugira ingaruka nyinshi za biogeochemiki, nka azote ikosorwa na bagiteri ya diazotropique.Mugihe cyo gutunganya no guhuza amakuru, ubu bwoko bwa covariates buzamurikwa.
Mugushimangira hafi yibiranga mumwanya muremure murwego rwo hasi ugereranije, t-SNE algorithm ikoreshwa kugirango uturere dusa dusobanutse neza.Ibikorwa byabanje bigamije kubaka imiyoboro yimbitse yimbaraga zikoreshwa kure ya t-SNE, yerekanaga ubuhanga bwayo mugutandukanya ibintu byingenzi (23).Iyi nintambwe ikenewe kugirango tumenye ihuriro rikomeye mumiterere yimiterere mugihe twirinze ibisubizo bidahuye (icyitonderwa S2).Ukoresheje intungamubiri za Gaussian, t-SNE ibika imiterere yimibare yamakuru mugushushanya buri kintu kiri murwego rwo hejuru kugeza kumwanya wa 3D icyiciro, bityo ukemeza ko bishoboka ko ibintu bisa mubyerekezo bihanitse kandi biri hasi murwego rwo hejuru- umwanya munini (24).Uhaye urutonde rwa N murwego rwohejuru rwibintu x1,…, xN, algorithm ya t-SNE igabanya kugabanya itandukaniro rya Kullback-Leibler (KL) (25).Gutandukana kwa KL ni igipimo cyerekana uburyo itandukaniro rishoboka ritandukanijwe na kabiri ryerekanwe rishobora kugabanywa, kandi rishobora gusuzuma neza ibishoboka ko habaho isano hagati yo kugereranya ibintu bike-byerekana ibintu byinshi.Niba xi ari ikintu cya i-mu mwanya wa N-igipimo, xj ni j-ikintu mu mwanya wa N-igipimo, yi ni i-th mu mwanya muto, naho yj ni j-th mu kintu gito -umwanya muto, hanyuma t -SNE isobanura ibisa nkibishoboka ppj∣i = exp (-∥xi-xj∥2 / 2σi2) ∑k ≠ iexp (-∥xi-xk∥2 / 2σi2), hamwe no kugabanya ibipimo byashyizweho q∣j = (1+ ∥ yi-yj∥2) -1∑k ≠ i (1 + ∥yj-yk∥2) -1
Igishushanyo 2A cyerekana ingaruka zo kugabanya biomass nintungamubiri za flux vectors ya 11-igizwe na 3D.Impamvu yo gukoresha t-SNE irashobora kugereranywa nimpamvu yo gusesengura ibice byingenzi (PCA), ikoresha ikiranga itandukaniro kugirango ishimangire agace / ikiranga amakuru, bityo bigabanye ibipimo.Uburyo bwa t-SNE bwagaragaye ko buruta PCA mugutanga ibisubizo byizewe kandi byororoka kuri Minisiteri y’ibidukikije (reba Icyitonderwa S2).Ibi birashobora kuba kubera ko imitekerereze ya orthogonality ya PCA idakwiriye kumenya imikoranire ikomeye hagati yimikorere idahwitse cyane, kuko PCA yibanda kumurongo wa covariance (26).Ukoresheje kure ya sensing data, Lunga nibindi.(27) yerekana uburyo bwo gukoresha uburyo bwa SNE kugirango ugaragaze ibintu bigoye kandi bidafite umurongo bitandukanya gutandukana kwa Gaussia.
.Buri ngingo igereranya ingingo mumwanya muremure, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 6B, ingingo nyinshi zafashwe.Shafts bivuga “t-SNE” ingano ya 1, 2 na 3. (B) Igishushanyo mbonera cy'intara cyabonetse na DBSCAN kuri gride-uburebure bwa gride y'inkomoko.Ibara rigomba gufatwa nkibara iryo ariryo ryose, ariko rigomba guhura na (A).
Ingingo ziri muri t-SNE zitatanya mugice cya 2A zifitanye isano nuburebure n'uburebure.Niba ingingo ebyiri ziri mu gishushanyo cya 2A zegeranye, ni ukubera ko biomass zabo hamwe nintungamubiri zintungamubiri bisa, ntabwo biterwa nuburinganire bwa geografiya.Amabara mu gishushanyo cya 2A ni cluster yavumbuwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa DBSCAN (28).Mugihe ushakisha ibintu byuzuye, algorithm ya DBSCAN ikoresha intera muguhagararira 3D hagati yingingo (ϵ = 0.39; kumakuru yerekeye iri hitamo, reba Ibikoresho nuburyo), kandi umubare wibintu bisa birasabwa gusobanura cluster (hano Amanota 100, nyamuneka reba hejuru).Uburyo bwa DBSCAN ntabwo butanga igitekerezo icyo ari cyo cyose cyerekeye imiterere cyangwa umubare w’amatsinda mu makuru, nkuko bigaragara hano:
3) Ku ngingo zose zagaragaye nko mu ntera iri imbere, subiramo intambwe ya 2 inshuro nyinshi kugirango umenye imbibi za cluster.Niba umubare w'amanota uruta uwashyizweho agaciro ntarengwa, wagenwe nka cluster.
Amakuru atujuje byibuze umunyamuryango wa cluster nintera ϵ metric ifatwa nk "urusaku" kandi ntabwo ihabwa ibara.DBSCAN ni algorithm yihuta kandi nini cyane hamwe na O (n2) imikorere mubihe bibi cyane.Kubisesengura byubu, ntabwo mubyukuri.Umubare ntarengwa w'amanota ugenwa no gusuzuma abahanga.Nyuma yo guhindura intera nyuma, ibisubizo ntabwo bihagaze neza murwego rwa ≈ ± 10.Intera yashyizweho hakoreshejwe guhuza (Igishusho 6A) hamwe nijanisha ryo gukwirakwiza inyanja (Igishusho 6B).Guhuza bisobanurwa nkumubare uhuriweho wa cluster kandi wunvikana kuri ϵ parameter.Ihuza ryo hasi ryerekana ibihagije bidahagije, guhuza uturere hamwe.Guhuza cyane byerekana gukwiranye.Birashoboka gutekereza gukoresha byibuze hejuru, ariko niba byibuze birenze ca, ntibishoboka kugera kubisubizo byizewe.135 (Kubindi bisobanuro, reba Ibikoresho nuburyo).
Amatsinda 115 yagaragaye ku gishushanyo cya 2A ateganijwe gusubira ku isi mu gishushanyo cya 2B.Buri bara rihuye nuruvange rwibintu biogeochemiki nibidukikije byagaragajwe na DBSCAN.Iyo cluster imaze kugenwa, ihuriro rya buri ngingo mu gishushanyo cya 2A hamwe nuburinganire bwihariye nuburebure bwakoreshejwe mugushushanya ayo matsinda asubira mukarere.Igishushanyo 2B cyerekana ibi hamwe namabara amwe ya cluster nkuko Ishusho 2A.Ibara risa ntirigomba gusobanurwa nkibidukikije, kuko bigenwa nuburyo gahunda zavumbuwe na algorithm.
Agace kari ku gishushanyo cya 2B karashobora kuba gafite uburinganire busa nubutaka bwashyizweho mumubiri na / cyangwa biogeochemie yinyanja.Kurugero, ihuriro ryo mu nyanja yepfo ni zone-ihuza, hamwe na vortice ya oligotropique igaragara, kandi inzibacyuho ikaze yerekana ingaruka zumuyaga wubucuruzi.Kurugero, muri pasifika yuburinganire, uturere dutandukanye twajyanye no kuzamuka turagaragara.
Mu rwego rwo gusobanukirwa n’ibidukikije by’Intara y’ibidukikije, hakoreshejwe itandukaniro ryerekana itandukaniro rya Bray-Curtis (BC) (29) kugira ngo hasuzumwe ibidukikije biri muri iryo tsinda.Ikimenyetso cya BC ni imibare y'ibarurishamibare ikoreshwa mu kugereranya itandukaniro ryimiterere yabaturage hagati yimbuga ebyiri zitandukanye.Ibipimo bya BC birakoreshwa kuri biomass yubwoko 51 bwa phytoplankton na zooplankton BCninj = 1-2CninjSni + Snj
BCninj bivuga isano iri hagati yo guhuza ni no guhuza nj, aho Cninj nigiciro gito cyubwoko bumwe bwa biomass ibaho muburyo bwombi ni na nj, kandi Sni igereranya igiteranyo cya biomasses zose zibaho muburyo bwombi ni na Snj.Itandukaniro rya BC risa nintera yintera, ariko ikorera mumwanya utari Euclidea, ushobora kuba ukwiranye namakuru yibidukikije no kubisobanura.
Kuri buri cluster yagaragaye ku gishushanyo cya 2B, hashobora gusuzumwa isano iri hagati yintara nintara hagati ya BC.Itandukaniro rya BC mu ntara ryerekeza ku itandukaniro riri hagati y’agaciro kagereranijwe k’intara na buri ngingo mu ntara.Itandukaniro riri hagati yintara za BC ryerekeza ku guhuza intara imwe nizindi ntara.Igishushanyo 3A cyerekana matrike ya BC (0, umukara: bihuye rwose; 1, cyera: ntaho bihuriye).Buri murongo mubishushanyo byerekana icyitegererezo mumibare.Igishushanyo 3B cyerekana ubusobanuro bwa geografiya y'ibisubizo bya BC mu gishushanyo cya 3A kuri buri ntara.Ku ntara iri mu mirire mike kandi ifite intungamubiri nkeya, Igicapo 3B cerekana ko uburinganire bwibice binini bikikije ekwateri hamwe ninyanja yu Buhinde bisa cyane, ariko uburebure buri hejuru hamwe n’ahantu hazamuka haratandukanye cyane.
.Reba ibiteganijwe guhuza indangagaciro.(B) Icyerekezo gitandukanya inkingi (cyangwa umurongo).Intara iri muruziga rudasanzwe, hasuzumwe ikwirakwizwa ryisi yose igipimo cya BC gisa nacyo, kandi impuzandengo yimyaka 20 kwisi yose yarasuzumwe.Umukara (BC = 0) bisobanura agace kamwe, naho umweru (BC = 1) bivuze ko ntaho bihuriye.
Igishushanyo 4A cyerekana itandukaniro muri BC muri buri ntara mu gishushanyo cya 2B.Kugenwa no gukoresha ikigereranyo cyo guhuza agace kagereranijwe muri cluster, no kumenya itandukaniro riri hagati ya BC nuburyo bwa buri cyerekezo cya gride mu ntara, byerekana ko uburyo SAGE bushobora gutandukanya amoko 51 ashingiye kubidukikije busa Ubwoko bwa icyitegererezo.Impuzandengo rusange cluster BC itandukanye yubwoko 51 ni 0.102 ± 0.0049.
.(2) Ikigereranyo cyo hagati yisi yose hagati yintara ya BC ni 0.227 ± 0.117.Ngiyo igipimo cyibidukikije bigamije gushingira ku byiciro byatanzwe niki gikorwa [umurongo wicyatsi muri (C)].(C) Impuzandengo yo hagati yintara hagati yintara ya BC: Umurongo wumukara ugereranya itandukaniro hagati yintara ya BC hamwe no kwiyongera.2σ iva mubisubiramo 10 byuburyo bwo kumenya ibidukikije.Kubijyanye n'intara zose zavumbuwe na DBSCAN, (A) yerekana ko itandukaniro rya BC muri iyo ntara ari 0.099, naho ibyiciro bitoroshye byasabwe na (C) ni 12, bigatuma BC itandukana na 0.200 muri iyo ntara.nkuko ishusho ibigaragaza.(D).
Igishushanyo cya 4B, biomass yubwoko 51 plankton ikoreshwa muguhuza itandukaniro rihwanye na BC mu ntara ya Longhurst.Impuzandengo rusange ya buri ntara ni 0.227, naho gutandukana kwingingo za gride ukurikije itandukaniro ryintara ya BC ni 0.046.Ibi ni binini kuruta cluster yagaragaye mumashusho 1B.Ahubwo, ukoresheje igiteranyo cyamatsinda arindwi akora, impuzandengo yigihembwe cya BC itandukanye muri Longhurst yiyongereye kugera kuri 0.232.
Ikarita y’ibidukikije ku isi yose itanga ibisobanuro birambuye by’imikoranire idasanzwe y’ibidukikije kandi hari byinshi byakozwe mu gukoresha imiterere y’ibidukikije mu Ntara ya Longhurst.Biteganijwe ko Minisiteri y’ibidukikije izatanga ubushishozi mu buryo bwo kugenzura urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima by’imibare, kandi ubu bushishozi buzafasha ubushakashatsi ku mirimo yo mu murima.Kugira ngo ubu bushakashatsi bugerweho, ntibishoboka kwerekana byimazeyo intara zirenga ijana.Igice gikurikira cyerekana uburyo SAGE ivuga muri make intara.
Imwe mu ntego z'intara ni uguteza imbere kumva neza aho imiyoborere iherereye.Kugirango umenye ibihe byihutirwa, uburyo bwo mumashusho 1B bwerekana icyari cyintara zisa n’ibidukikije.Intara z’ibidukikije zishyizwe hamwe zishingiye ku bidukikije, kandi guterana kwintara kwitwa AEP.Shiraho “complexe” ishobora guhinduka ukurikije umubare wintara ugomba gusuzumwa.Ijambo "complexe" rikoreshwa kuko ryemerera urwego rwibintu byihutirwa guhinduka.Kugirango dusobanure ibiterane bifite ireme, impuzandengo yo hagati yintara ya BC hagati ya 0.227 na Longhurst ikoreshwa nkigipimo.Munsi yiki gipimo, intara zahujwe ntizigifatwa nkingirakamaro.
Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 3B, intara z’ibidukikije ku isi zirahuye.Ukoresheje itandukaniro hagati yintara ya BC, birashobora kugaragara ko ibishushanyo bimwe "bisanzwe".Ahumekewe na genetics hamwe nuburyo bwo gushushanya, "ibishushanyo bihujwe" bikoreshwa mugutandukanya> intara 100 ukurikije intara zisa nazo.Ibipimo bya "guhuza" hano bigenwa hakoreshejwe intara hagati ya BC itandukanye (30).Umubare wintara zifite umwanya munini wo gutondekanya> intara 100 urashobora kwerekanwa hano nkibigoye.AEP nigicuruzwa gishyira mu ntara zirenga 100 nkintara ziganje cyane / zegeranye n’ibidukikije.Buri ntara y’ibidukikije ihabwa intara yiganje / ihujwe cyane nintara yibidukikije isa cyane nabo.Uku kwegeranya kugenwa nubudasa bwa BC butanga uburyo bwo gutondeka ibidukikije kwisi.
Byahiswemo bigoye birashobora kuba agaciro kuva kuri 1 kugeza kurwego rwuzuye rwa FIG.2A.Mugihe kitoroshye, AEP irashobora kwangirika kubera intambwe yo kugabanya ibipimo (t-SNE).Gutesha agaciro bivuze ko intara z’ibidukikije zishobora guhabwa AEP zitandukanye hagati yisubiramo, bityo bigahindura akarere kegeranye.Igicapo 4C cerekana ikwirakwizwa rya BC ridasa mu ntara muri AEPs yo kwiyongera kugoye mubikorwa 10 (ishusho mu gishushanyo 1B).Igishushanyo cya 4C, 2σ (agace k'ubururu) ni igipimo cyo gutesha agaciro mubikorwa 10, naho umurongo wicyatsi ugereranya igipimo cya Longhurst.Ukuri kwerekanye ko ubunini bwa 12 bushobora gutuma itandukaniro rya BC mu ntara iri munsi yikigereranyo cya Longhurst mubikorwa byose kandi bigakomeza kugabanuka gake 2σ.Muncamake, byibuze byasabwe kugorana ni 12 AEPs, naho impuzandengo yo hagati yintara hagati ya BC isuzumwa ukoresheje ubwoko bwa plankton ni 0.198 ± 0.013, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 4D.Ukoresheje igiteranyo cyamatsinda arindwi ya plankton, impuzandengo ya BC hagati yintara ni 2σ aho kuba 0.198 ± 0.004.Kugereranya itandukaniro rya BC ubarwa hamwe na biomass yose hamwe mumatsinda arindwi ikora cyangwa biomass yubwoko bwose bwa plankton 51 yerekana ko nubwo uburyo SAGE bukoreshwa mubihe 51-bingana, ni kuri biomass yuzuye mumatsinda arindwi akora. Amahugurwa.
Ukurikije intego yubushakashatsi ubwo aribwo bwose, hashobora gutekerezwa urwego rutandukanye rugoye.Ubushakashatsi bwakarere burashobora gusaba ibintu byuzuye (ni ukuvuga intara zose uko ari 115).Nkurugero no gusobanuka, tekereza byibuze byasabwe kugorana 12.
Nkurugero rwingirakamaro yuburyo bwa SAGE, 12 AEPs ifite byibura byibuze 12 ikoreshwa hano kugirango igenzure kugenzura imiterere yabaturage byihutirwa.Igicapo 5 kirerekana ubushishozi bwibidukikije bwashyizwe hamwe na AEP (kuva A kugeza L): Muri Redfield stoichiometry, urugero rwa geografiya (Igicapo 5C), itsinda ryimikorere ya biomass (Ishusho 5A) hamwe nintungamubiri (Ishusho 5B) bikorwa na N Zoomed.Ikigereranyo (N: Si: P: Fe, 1: 1: 16: 16 × 103) kirerekanwa.Kubice byanyuma, P yikubye 16 na Fe igwizwa na 16 × 103, igishushanyo mbonera rero gihwanye nimirire ya phytoplankton.
Intara zashyizwe mubice 12 AEPs A kugeza L. (A) Biomass (mgC / m3) yibinyabuzima mu ntara 12..Fe na P bigwizwa na 16 na 16 × 103, kimwe, kuburyo imirongo isanzwe kuri phytoplankton stoichiometry ibisabwa.(C) Reba itandukaniro riri hagati yakarere ka polar, subtropical cyclone hamwe nigihe kinini cyibihe / kuzamuka.Sitasiyo yo gukurikirana irangwa ku buryo bukurikira: 1, INTARA;2, ALOHA;3, sitasiyo P;na 4, BATS.
AEP yamenyekanye irihariye.Hariho ibice bimwe bikikije ekwateri mu nyanja ya Atalantika na pasifika, kandi agace gasa nkako kagutse kaba mu nyanja yu Buhinde.AEPs zimwe zakira uruhande rwiburengerazuba rwumugabane ujyanye no kuzamuka.Amajyepfo ya Pole Circumpolar Ibiriho bifatwa nkibintu binini biranga zone.Subtropical cyclone nuruhererekane rukomeye rwa oligotrophique AEP.Muri izi ntara, uburyo bumenyereye bwo gutandukanya biomass hagati ya plankton yiganjemo oligotropique vortice hamwe n’uturere dukungahaye kuri diatom biragaragara.
AEPs ifite biomass ya phytoplankton isa cyane irashobora kugira imiterere yabaturage itandukanye kandi ikagira uturere dutandukanye, nka D, H, na K, zifite biomass zose za phytoplankton.AEP H ibaho cyane cyane mu nyanja yu Buhinde, kandi hariho bagiteri nyinshi za diazotropique.AEP D iboneka mu bibaya byinshi, ariko iragaragara cyane muri pasifika hafi y’umusaruro mwinshi ukikije izamuka ry’uburinganire.Imiterere y'iyi ntara ya pasifika iributsa gari ya moshi.Hano hari diazobacteria nkeya muri AEP D, hamwe na cones nyinshi.Ugereranije nizindi ntara zombi, AEP K iboneka gusa mu misozi miremire yinyanja ya Arctique, kandi hariho diatom nyinshi na planktone nkeya.Birakwiye ko tumenya ko ingano ya plankton muri utu turere dutatu nayo itandukanye cyane.Muri byo, ubwinshi bwa plankton ya AEP K buri hasi cyane, mugihe icya AEP D na H kiri hejuru.Kubwibyo, nubwo biomass zabo (kandi bisa na Chl-a), izi ntara ziratandukanye cyane: Ikizamini cyintara ya Chl ntigishobora gufata itandukaniro.
Biragaragara kandi ko AEPs zimwe na biomass zitandukanye cyane zishobora kuba zisa muburyo bwa phytoplankton.Kurugero, ibi bigaragara muri AEP D na E. Baregeranye, kandi mu nyanja ya pasifika, AEP E yegereye AEPJ itanga umusaruro mwinshi.Mu buryo nk'ubwo, nta sano isobanutse iri hagati ya biomass ya phytoplankton nubwinshi bwa zooplankton.
AEP irashobora kumvikana ukurikije intungamubiri bahawe (Ishusho 5B).Diatom ibaho gusa ahariho aside irike ihagije.Mubisanzwe, uko itangwa rya acide silicike, niko biomass ya diatom iba myinshi.Diatom irashobora kugaragara muri AEP A, J, K na L. Ikigereranyo cya biomass ya diatom ugereranije nindi phytoplankton igenwa na N, P na Fe yatanzwe ugereranije nibisabwa na diatom.Kurugero, AEP L yiganjemo diatom.Ugereranije nintungamubiri, Si ifite isoko ryinshi.Ibinyuranye, nubwo umusaruro mwinshi, AEP J ifite diatom nkeya hamwe na silicon nkeya (byose kandi ugereranije nintungamubiri).
Bagiteri ya Diazonium ifite ubushobozi bwo gutunganya azote, ariko ikura buhoro (31).Babana nizindi phytoplankton, aho fer na fosifore bikabije ugereranije no gukenera intungamubiri zitari diazonium (20, 21).Birakwiye ko tumenya ko biomass ya diazotropique iri hejuru cyane, kandi itangwa rya Fe na P ni rinini ugereranije no gutanga N. Muri ubu buryo, nubwo biomass yose muri AEP J iri hejuru, biomass ya diazonium muri AEP H ni binini kuruta ibyo muri J. Nyamuneka menya ko AEP J na H bitandukanye muburyo butandukanye, kandi H iherereye mu nyanja yu Buhinde.
Niba imiterere yihariye yibidukikije itagabanijwemo intara, ubushishozi bwakuwe mubintu 12 bya AEP bigoye cyane ntibizasobanuka neza.AEP yakozwe na SAGE yorohereza kugereranya hamwe icyarimwe kugereranya amakuru aringaniye kandi murwego rwo hejuru uhereye kubidukikije.AEP ishimangira neza impamvu Chl itari uburyo bwiza nubundi buryo bwo kumenya imiterere yabaturage cyangwa zooplankton ubwinshi bwintungamubiri.Isesengura rirambuye ku ngingo zubushakashatsi zirimo gukorwa rirenze iyi ngingo.Uburyo bwa SAGE butanga uburyo bwo gucukumbura ubundi buryo murugero rworoshye kubyitwaramo kuruta kureba-ingingo.
Uburyo bwa SAGE burasabwa gufasha mu gusobanura amakuru y’ibidukikije bigoye cyane uhereye ku mubiri w’umubiri / biogeochemiki / ecosystem numero yimibare.Intara y’ibidukikije igenwa na biomass yuzuye yitsinda ryimikorere ya cross-plankton, ikoreshwa rya t-SNE rishobora kugabanuka kugabanya algorithm hamwe na cluster ikoresheje uburyo bwa ML butagenzuwe DBSCAN.Itandukaniro hagati yintara ya BC / igishushanyo mbonera cyuburyo bwo guteramo ikoreshwa mugukuramo AEP ikomeye ishobora gukoreshwa mubisobanuro byisi.Kubijyanye nubwubatsi, Intara-Intara na AEP birihariye.Icyari cya AEP kirashobora guhindurwa hagati yuburemere bwuzuye bwintara yambere y’ibidukikije hamwe n’ibisabwa byibuze byibuze 12 bya AEP.Gutera no kugena byibuze bigoye bya AEP bifatwa nkintambwe zingenzi, kuko ibishoboka t-SNE byangiza AEPs ya <12 bigoye.Uburyo bwa SAGE ni isi yose, kandi ubunini bwayo buva kuri> 100 AEPs kugeza kuri 12. Kubworoshye, icyerekezo cyibandwaho ni ingorabahizi za AEPs 12 ku isi.Ubushakashatsi bw'ejo hazaza, cyane cyane ubushakashatsi bwo mu karere, bushobora gusanga agace gato k'ibice by’ibidukikije ku isi bifite akamaro, kandi birashobora gukusanyirizwa mu gace gato kugira ngo bungukire ku bitekerezo bimwe by’ibidukikije byavuzwe hano.Itanga ibitekerezo byukuntu izo ntara z’ibidukikije n’ubushishozi zavuyemo zishobora gukoreshwa mu kurushaho gusobanukirwa ibidukikije, koroshya kugereranya icyitegererezo, no guteza imbere igenzura ry’ibinyabuzima byo mu nyanja.
Intara y’ibidukikije na AEP byagaragajwe nuburyo bwa SAGE bishingiye ku makuru ari muburyo bw'imibare.Mubisobanuro, icyitegererezo cyumubare nuburyo bworoshye, kugerageza gufata ishingiro rya sisitemu igamije, kandi moderi zitandukanye zizagira ikwirakwizwa rya plankton.Icyitegererezo cyumubare cyakoreshejwe muri ubu bushakashatsi ntigishobora gufata neza bimwe mubiteganijwe (urugero, mubigereranyo bya Chl kubice byuburinganire ninyanja yepfo).Gusa agace gato k'ubudasa mu nyanja nyayo karafashwe, kandi meso na sub-mesoskale ntibishobora gukemuka, bishobora kugira ingaruka kumyunyungugu yintungamubiri no mumiryango mito mito.Nubwo hari ibitagenda neza, biragaragara ko AEP ari ingirakamaro cyane mu gufasha kumva imiterere igoye.Mugusuzuma aho intara zidukikije ziboneka ziboneka, AEP itanga igikoresho cyo kugereranya imibare.Icyitegererezo cyumubare cyerekana uburyo rusange bwo kumva kure phytoplankton Chl-kwibanda hamwe no gukwirakwiza ingano ya plankton hamwe nitsinda rikora (Icyitonderwa S1 nishusho S1) (2, 32).
Nkuko bigaragazwa na 0.1 mgChl-a / m-3 umurongo wa kontour, AEP igabanijwemo agace ka oligotropique hamwe na mesotropique (Igicapo S1B): AEP B, C, D, E, F na G ni uduce twa oligotropique, naho ahasigaye ni giherereye hejuru Chl-a.AEP yerekana inzandiko zimwe n'Intara ya Longhurst (Igicapo S3A), nk'urugero, inyanja y'Amajyepfo na pasifika y’uburinganire.Mu turere tumwe na tumwe, AEP ikubiyemo uturere twinshi twa Longhurst, naho ubundi.Kubera ko intego yo gutandukanya intara muri kano karere na Longhurst itandukanye, biteganijwe ko hazabaho itandukaniro.AEPs nyinshi mu ntara ya Longhurst yerekana ko uduce tumwe na biogeochemie dusa dushobora kuba dufite imiterere yibidukikije.AEP yerekana inzandiko zimwe na leta zifatika, nkuko byagaragaye ukoresheje imyigire idakurikiranwa (19), nko muri leta zizamuka cyane (urugero, inyanja yepfo na pasifika y’uburinganire; Ishusho S3, C na D).Izi nzandiko zerekana ko imiterere yabaturage ya plankton iterwa cyane ningaruka zinyanja.Mu bice nka Atlantike y'Amajyaruguru, AEP inyura mu ntara zifatika.Uburyo butera itandukaniro bushobora kubamo inzira nko gutwara ivumbi, bishobora kuganisha kuri gahunda zimirire itandukanye rwose no mubihe bisa.
Minisiteri y’ibidukikije na AEP yerekanye ko gukoresha Chl byonyine bidashobora kumenya ibice by’ibidukikije, nkuko umuryango w’ibidukikije wo mu nyanja umaze kubibona.Ibi bigaragara muri AEP hamwe na biomass isa ariko ibinyabuzima bitandukanye cyane (nka D na E).Ibinyuranye, AEPs nka D na K zifite biomass zitandukanye ariko ibinyabuzima bisa.AEP ishimangira ko isano iri hagati ya biomass, ibinyabuzima byangiza ibidukikije hamwe na zooplankton ubwinshi.Kurugero, nubwo AEP J igaragara cyane mubijyanye na phytoplankton na biomass ya plankton, AEP na A na L bifite biomass isa na plankton, ariko A ifite ubwinshi bwa plankton.AEP ishimangira ko biomass ya phytoplankton (cyangwa Chl) idashobora gukoreshwa mu guhanura ibinyabuzima bya zooplankton.Zooplankton ni ishingiro ryuruhererekane rwibiryo byuburobyi, kandi igereranya ryukuri rishobora kuganisha ku micungire myiza yumutungo.Ibizaza byo mu nyanja bizaza [urugero, PACE (plankton, aerosol, igicu, na ecosystem ya marine)] birashobora kuba byiza kugirango bifashe kugereranya imiterere yabaturage ya phytoplankton.Gukoresha AEP guhanura birashobora koroshya kugereranya zooplankton kuva mumwanya.Uburyo nka SAGE, bufatanije nikoranabuhanga rishya, hamwe namakuru menshi yo murwego rwo kuboneka kubushakashatsi bwukuri kubutaka (nka Tara nubushakashatsi bwakurikiranwe), burashobora gutera intambwe igana mugukurikirana ubuzima bwibidukikije bushingiye kubidukikije.
Uburyo bwa SAGE butanga uburyo bworoshye bwo gusuzuma uburyo bumwe na bumwe bugenzura ibiranga intara, nka biomass / Chl, umusaruro wibanze, hamwe n’imiterere yabaturage.Kurugero, ingano ya diatom igenwa nubusumbane mugutanga kwa Si, N, P, na Fe ugereranije na phytoplankton stoichiometric ibisabwa.Ku gipimo cyuzuye cyo gutanga, abaturage biganjemo diatom (L).Iyo igipimo cyo gutanga kitaringanijwe (ni ukuvuga, itangwa rya silikoni riri munsi yintungamubiri zikenewe za diatom), diatom igizwe nigice gito gusa Mugabane (K).Iyo itangwa rya Fe na P rirenze itangwa rya N (urugero, E na H), bagiteri ya diazotropique izakura cyane.Binyuze mumiterere yatanzwe na AEP, ubushakashatsi bwuburyo bwo kugenzura buzarushaho kuba ingirakamaro.
Intara-Intara na AEP ni uturere dufite imiterere isa n’abaturage.Ibihe byakurikiranye ahantu runaka mu ntara y’ibidukikije cyangwa AEP birashobora gufatwa nkaho byerekanwe kandi birashobora kwerekana agace kegeranye nintara y’ibidukikije cyangwa AEP.Sitasiyo ndende yo kugenzura ikibuga itanga ibihe nkibi.Igihe kirekire-mumibare yamakuru azakomeza gukina uruhare rutabarika.Duhereye ku gukurikirana imiterere yabaturage, uburyo bwa SAGE bushobora kugaragara nkuburyo bwo gufasha kumenya ahantu hakenewe cyane imbuga nshya.Kurugero, ibihe byakurikiranye uhereye igihe kirekire oligotrophique yo gutura (ALOHA) iri muri AEP B yakarere ka oligotropique (Igicapo 5C, ikirango 2).Kuberako ALOHA yegereye imbibi zindi AEP, ibihe byateganijwe ntibishobora guhagararira akarere kose, nkuko byavuzwe mbere (33).Muri AEP B imwe, urukurikirane rw'ibihe SEATS (Ibihe byo mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya) biherereye mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bwa Tayiwani (34), kure cyane y'imbibi z'izindi AEP (Ishusho 5C, ikirango 1), kandi irashobora gukoreshwa nk'ahantu heza ho gukurikirana AEPB.BATS (Bermuda Atlantic Time Series Study) ikurikirana (Igicapo 5C, label 4) muri AEPC yegereye cyane imipaka iri hagati ya AEP C na F, ibyo bikaba byerekana ko gukurikirana AEP C ukoresheje ibihe bya BATS bishobora kuba ikibazo.Sitasiyo P muri AEP J (Igicapo 5C, label 3) iri kure yumupaka wa AEP, nuko irahagarariwe cyane.Intara y’ibidukikije na AEP birashobora gufasha gushyiraho uburyo bwo gukurikirana bukwiye gusuzuma impinduka z’isi yose, kubera ko uruhushya rw’intara rwo gusuzuma aho icyitegererezo cyakorewe gishobora gutanga ubushishozi bw’ingenzi.Uburyo bwa SAGE burashobora gutezwa imbere kugirango bukoreshwe ku makuru y’ikirere kugira ngo hamenyekane impinduka zitwara igihe.
Intsinzi yuburyo bwa SAGE igerwaho hifashishijwe uburyo bwitondewe bwubumenyi bwa data / ML hamwe nubumenyi bwihariye.By'umwihariko, t-SNE ikoreshwa mugukora ibipimo byo kugabanya ibipimo, ibika imiterere ya covariance yamakuru yo murwego rwohejuru kandi ikorohereza kubona amashusho ya covariance topologiya.Amakuru yatunganijwe muburyo bw'imirongo hamwe na covariances (Igicapo 2A), byerekana ko ingamba zishingiye gusa ku ntera (nka K-bisobanura) zidakwiye kuko mubisanzwe bakoresha ikwirakwizwa rya Gaussian (umuzenguruko) (byaganiriweho muri S2) .Uburyo bwa DBSCAN burakwiriye kubutaka bwa covariance.Igihe cyose witondera gushiraho ibipimo, indangamuntu yizewe irashobora gutangwa.Igiciro cyo kubara cya t-SNE algorithm ni kinini, igabanya imikoreshereze yacyo kugeza ku mubare munini wamakuru, bivuze ko bigoye gukoreshwa mubice byimbitse cyangwa ibihe bitandukanye.Imirimo yo gupima t-SNE irakomeje.Kubera ko intera ya KL yoroshye kubangikanya, t-SNE algorithm ifite amahirwe menshi yo kwaguka mugihe kizaza (35).Kugeza ubu, ubundi buryo butanga ikizere cyo kugabanya ubunini bushobora kugabanya ubunini burimo uburyo bumwe bwo kugereranya no kugereranya (UMAP), ariko gusuzuma mubijyanye namakuru yinyanja birakenewe.Igisobanuro cyubwiza bwiza ni, kurugero, gutondekanya ikirere cyisi cyangwa moderi hamwe nuburyo butandukanye kurwego ruvanze.Uturere tunaniwe gushyirwa mubikorwa na SAGE mu ntara iyo ari yo yose dushobora gufatwa nkutudomo twirabura dusigaye ku gishushanyo 2A.Mu rwego rw'akarere, utu turere ahanini turi mu bihe byigihe, ibyo bikaba byerekana ko gufata intara z’ibidukikije zihinduka mugihe bizatanga amakuru meza.
Kugirango twubake uburyo bwa SAGE, ibitekerezo bivuye muri sisitemu igoye / siyanse yubumenyi byakoreshejwe, hakoreshejwe ubushobozi bwo kumenya amatsinda yimiryango ikora (birashoboka ko yegeranye cyane mumwanya wa 11) no kumenya intara.Izi ntara zerekana ingano yihariye mumwanya wa 3D t-SNE.Mu buryo nk'ubwo, igice cya Poincaré kirashobora gukoreshwa mugusuzuma “ingano” yumwanya wa leta ufitwe ninzira kugirango umenye imyitwarire “isanzwe” cyangwa “akajagari” (36).Kuri static 11-yerekana icyitegererezo gisohoka, ingano yatwaye nyuma yamakuru ahinduwe mumwanya wa 3D icyiciro gishobora gusobanurwa kimwe.Isano iri hagati yakarere nubuso mumwanya wa 3D icyiciro nticyoroshye, ariko irashobora gusobanurwa mubijyanye nibidukikije.Kubwiyi mpamvu, uburyo busanzwe bwa BC butandukanye burahitamo.
Akazi kazoza kazongera gukoresha uburyo bwa SAGE kugirango amakuru ahindurwe ibihe kugirango asuzume itandukaniro ryimiterere yintara zamenyekanye na AEP.Intego y'ejo hazaza ni ugukoresha ubu buryo kugirango bufashe kumenya intara zishobora kugenwa hifashishijwe ibipimo bya satelite (nka Chl-a, ibyerekezo bya kure byerekana ubushyuhe n'ubushyuhe bwo ku nyanja).Ibi bizafasha kurebera kure ibice bigize ibidukikije no kugenzura byoroshye intara z’ibidukikije n’ibihinduka byazo.
Intego yubu bushakashatsi ni ukumenyekanisha uburyo SAGE, busobanura intara y’ibidukikije binyuze mumiterere yihariye ya plankton.Hano, ibisobanuro birambuye kubyerekeranye na physique / biogeochemical / ecosystem model hamwe nibisobanuro byatoranijwe bya t-SNE na DBSCAN algorithms.
Ibigize umubiri by'icyitegererezo biva mu kugereranya kuzenguruka inyanja n'ikirere [ECCOv4;(37) igereranyo cya leta kwisi yose yasobanuwe na (38).Icyemezo cyizina cyo kugereranya leta ni 1/5.Uburyo buke bwa kwadrateri hamwe nuburyo bwo kugwiza Lagrangian bukoreshwa kugirango ubone imiterere yambere nimbibi hamwe nibipimo byimbere byimbere byahinduwe no kwitegereza, bityo bikabyara MIT rusange yubusa rusange (MITgcm) (39), icyitegererezo Nyuma yo gutezimbere, ibisubizo birashobora gukurikiranwa no gukurikiranwa.
Biogeochemie / ecosystem ifite ibisobanuro byuzuye (nukuvuga ibigereranyo nibiciro byagaciro) muri (2).Icyitegererezo gifata uruzinduko rwa C, N, P, Si na Fe binyuze mu byuzi bidasanzwe kandi kama.Verisiyo ikoreshwa hano ikubiyemo amoko 35 ya phytoplankton: amoko 2 ya microprokaryote nubwoko 2 bwa microeukaryote (ibereye ibidukikije bifite intungamubiri nke), amoko 5 ya Cryptomonas sphaeroide (hamwe na calcium ya karubone), amoko 5 ya diazonium (Irashobora gutunganya azote, bityo ntibigarukira) kuboneka kwa azote yashonze), diatom 11 (ikora igifuniko cya silice), ibendera 10 rivanze-ryibimera (rishobora gufotora no kurya izindi plankton) na 16 Zooplankton (kurisha izindi plankton).Ibi byitwa "amatsinda akora ya biogeochemiki" kubera ko bigira ingaruka zitandukanye kuri biogeochemie yo mu nyanja (40, 41) kandi akenshi bikoreshwa mubushakashatsi no mubyitegererezo.Muri iki cyitegererezo, buri tsinda rikora rigizwe na planktone nyinshi zingana, hamwe na 0,6 kugeza 2500 μ mm zingana na diameter.
Ibipimo bigira ingaruka kumikurire ya phytoplankton, kurisha no kurohama bifitanye isano nubunini, kandi hariho itandukaniro ryihariye hagati yimiryango itandatu ya phytoplankton (32).Nuburyo butandukanye bwumubiri, ibisubizo byibice 51 bigize plankton yicyitegererezo byakoreshejwe mubushakashatsi bwa vuba (42-44).
Kuva 1992 kugeza 2011, moderi yumubiri / biogeochemiki / ecosystem ihuza imyaka 20.Ibisohoka mubyitegererezo birimo biomass ya plankton, intungamubiri zintungamubiri nigipimo cyintungamubiri (DIN, PO4, Si na Fe).Muri ubu bushakashatsi, impuzandengo yimyaka 20 yibi bisubizo yakoreshejwe nkigitekerezo cyintara yibidukikije.Chl, ikwirakwizwa rya biomass ya plankton hamwe nintungamubiri zintungamubiri no gukwirakwiza amatsinda akora bigereranywa na satelite hamwe nubushakashatsi bwakozwe (reba (2, 44), Icyitonderwa S1 nigishushanyo.S1 kugeza kuri S3].
Kuburyo bwa SAGE, isoko nyamukuru yo guhitamo ituruka kuri t-SNE intambwe.Ubusanzwe bubuza gusubiramo, bivuze ko ibisubizo bitizewe.Uburyo bwa SAGE bugerageza cyane imbaraga muguhitamo ibipimo bya t-SNE na DBSCAN, bishobora guhora byerekana cluster iyo bisubiwemo.Kumenya "urujijo" rw'ibipimo bya t-SNE birashobora kumvikana nko kumenya urugero ikarita ishushanya kuva murwego rwo hejuru kugeza hasi igomba kubahiriza imiterere yaho cyangwa isi yose iranga amakuru.Kugera ku rujijo rwa 400 na 300.
Kuri cluster ya algorithm DBSCAN, ingano ntarengwa nintera ya metero yamakuru yibyiciro muri cluster igomba kugenwa.Umubare ntarengwa ugenwa uyobowe nabahanga.Ubu bumenyi bumenya ibihuye nuburyo bwo kwerekana imiterere no gukemura.Umubare ntarengwa ni 100. Agaciro ntarengwa (munsi ya <135 mbere yuko imipaka yo hejuru yicyatsi iba yagutse) irashobora gutekerezwa, ariko ntishobora gusimbuza uburyo bwo guteranya bushingiye kubudasa bwa BC.Urwego rwo guhuza (Igishusho 6A) rukoreshwa mugushiraho ϵ ibipimo, bifasha gukwirakwizwa cyane (Ishusho 6B).Guhuza bisobanurwa nkumubare uhuriweho wa cluster kandi wunvikana kuri ϵ parameter.Ihuza ryo hasi ryerekana ibihagije bidahagije, guhuza uturere hamwe.Guhuza cyane byerekana gukwiranye.Kurenza urugero nabyo bitera ikibazo, kuko byerekana ko gukekeranya kwambere bishobora kuganisha kubisubizo bidashoboka.Hagati yibi bihe byombi, kwiyongera gukabije (mubisanzwe bita "inkokora") byerekana ibyiza ϵ.Mu gishushanyo cya 6A, urabona ubwiyongere bukabije mu kibaya (umuhondo,> 200 cluster), hagakurikiraho kugabanuka gukabije (icyatsi, amatsinda 100), bigera kuri 130, bikikijwe n’amatsinda make cyane (ubururu, <60 cluster) ).Nibura byibuze 100 yubururu, cluster imwe yiganje mu nyanja yose (ϵ <0.42), cyangwa inyanja hafi ya yose ntabwo yashyizwe mubikorwa kandi ifatwa nkurusaku (ϵ> 0.99).Agace k'umuhondo gafite ihinduka ryinshi, ridakwirakwizwa rya cluster.Nkuko ases igabanuka, urusaku rwiyongera.Icyatsi cyiyongera cyane ahantu hitwa inkokora.Aka ni akarere keza.Nubwo bishoboka ko t-SNE ikoreshwa, itandukaniro rya BC mu ntara rirashobora gukoreshwa kugirango hamenyekane ihuriro ryizewe.Ukoresheje Ishusho 6 (A na B), shyira ϵ kuri 0.39.Umubare munini ntarengwa, niko bishoboka ko umuntu yagera kuri ϵ yemerera ibyiciro byizewe, kandi nini nicyatsi kibisi gifite agaciro karenze 135. Kwaguka kwaka gace byerekana ko inkokora izagorana kuyibona cyangwa itari- kubaho.
Nyuma yo gushyiraho ibipimo bya t-SNE, umubare rusange wamatsinda yabonetse azakoreshwa nkigipimo cyo guhuza (A) nijanisha ryamakuru yatanzwe kuri cluster (B).Akadomo gatukura kerekana uburyo bwiza bwo gukwirakwiza no guhuza.Umubare ntarengwa washyizweho ukurikije umubare muto ujyanye nibidukikije.
Kubikoresho byinyongera kuriyi ngingo, nyamuneka reba http://advances.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/6/22/eaay4740/DC1
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Minisiteri y’ibidukikije ku isi yiyemeje gukemura ibibazo bigoye kandi ikoresha ML itagenzuwe mu gushakisha imiterere y’abaturage.
Minisiteri y’ibidukikije ku isi yiyemeje gukemura ibibazo bigoye kandi ikoresha ML itagenzuwe mu gushakisha imiterere y’abaturage.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-12-2021