Ibihingwa byinyanya byibasirwa cyane nindwara yibibabi, bishobora kubica cyangwa bikagira ingaruka kumusaruro.Ibi bibazo bisaba imiti myinshi yica udukoko mubihingwa bisanzwe kandi bigatuma umusaruro kama utoroshye.
Itsinda ry'abahanga bayobowe na kaminuza ya Purdue ryerekanye ko inyanya zishobora kumva neza ubwo bwoko bw'indwara kuko zabuze uburinzi butangwa na mikorobe imwe n'imwe y'ubutaka.Abashakashatsi basanze bene wabo bo mu gasozi hamwe n’inyanya zo mu bwoko bw’inyamanswa zifitanye isano n’ibihumyo byiza byubutaka bikura binini, kandi bikaba byiza kurwanya indwara n’indwara kuruta ibimera bigezweho.
Lori Hoagland, umwarimu wungirije w’ubuhinzi bw’imboga, yagize ati: “Utwo duhumyo dukoronije ibihingwa by’inyanya byo mu gasozi kandi bikomeza ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri.”Ati: “Nyuma y'igihe, twahinze inyanya kugira ngo twongere umusaruro na Flavour, ariko bisa naho byatakaje ubushobozi bwo kungukirwa n'iyi mikorobe.”
Amit K. Jaiswal, umushakashatsi w’iposita muri Hoagland na Purdue, yateye genotypes 25 zitandukanye z’inyanya hamwe n’igitaka cyiza cyitwa Trichoderma harzianum, uhereye ku bwoko bw’ishyamba kugeza ku bwoko bwa kera kandi bugezweho bwo mu rugo, bukunze gukoreshwa mu gukumira indwara mbi z’ibihumyo na bagiteri.
Mu nyanya zimwe na zimwe zo mu gasozi, abashakashatsi basanze ugereranije n’ibiti bitavuwe, imizi y’ibiti bivurwa n’ibihumyo bifite akamaro kari hejuru ya 526%, naho uburebure bw’ibihingwa bukaba hejuru ya 90%.Ubwoko bumwebumwe bugezweho bufite imizi yo gukura kugera kuri 50%, mugihe ubundi sibyo.Uburebure bwubwoko bugezweho bwiyongereyeho 10% -20%, ibyo bikaba biri munsi yubwoko bwishyamba.
Hanyuma, abashakashatsi berekanye ibihingwa bibiri bitera indwara ku gihingwa: Botrytis cinerea (bacterium nérotic bacterium itera imvi) na Phytophthora (ifu itera indwara) yateje indwara mu nzara y’ibirayi yo muri Irlande 1840.
Kurwanya ubwoko bwishyamba kuri Botrytis cinerea na Phytophthora byiyongereyeho 56% na 94%.Nyamara, Trichoderma mubyukuri byongera urwego rwindwara za genotypes zimwe na zimwe, mubisanzwe mubihingwa bigezweho.
Jaiswal yagize ati: “Twabonye igisubizo gikomeye cy’ibimera byo mu gasozi ku bihumyo bifite akamaro, hamwe no gukura no kurwanya indwara.”Ati: “Iyo twahinduye ubwoko bwimbere mu murima, twabonye inyungu zagabanutse.”
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe binyuze mu mushinga wo gucunga no guteza imbere inyanya (TOMI) uyobowe na Hoagland, hagamijwe kongera umusaruro no kurwanya indwara z’inyanya kama.Itsinda rya TOMI ryatewe inkunga n'ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe ibiribwa n'ubuhinzi muri Minisiteri ishinzwe ubuhinzi muri Amerika.Abashakashatsi bayo baturutse muri kaminuza ya Purdue, Urubuto rw’imbuto rw’ibinyabuzima, Kaminuza ya Leta ya Carolina y'Amajyaruguru, Kaminuza ya Wisconsin-Madison, Kaminuza ya Leta ya Carolina y'Amajyaruguru A&T na kaminuza ya Leta ya Oregon.
Hoagland yavuze ko itsinda rye ryizeye kumenya ubwoko bw'inyanya zo mu gasozi bushinzwe imikoreshereze ya mikorobe y'ubutaka no kuyisubiza mu moko y'ubu.Ibyiringiro nugukomeza imico abahinzi bahisemo mumyaka ibihumbi, mugihe bagaruye iyo mico ituma ibimera bikomera kandi bitanga umusaruro.
“Ibimera na mikorobe y’ubutaka birashobora kubana mu buryo bwinshi kandi bikungukirana, ariko twabonye ko ibimera bikwirakwiza ku mico imwe n'imwe bisenya umubano.Rimwe na rimwe, dushobora kubona ko kongeramo mikorobe mu by'ukuri ibihingwa by'inyanya byororerwa mu rugo byandura cyane indwara ”, Hoagland.Ati: “Intego yacu ni ugushaka no kugarura izo genes zishobora guha ibyo bimera uburyo bwo kwirinda no gukura byahozeho kera.”
Iyi nyandiko irinzwe nuburenganzira.Usibye ibikorwa byose biboneye byo kwiga wenyine cyangwa intego zubushakashatsi, ntakintu gishobora kwimurwa nta ruhushya rwanditse.Ibirimo ni ibyerekanwe gusa.
Igihe cyoherejwe: Mutarama-19-2021