Nzira yekudzidza isina kutariswa inorongwa kuti itarise matunhu epasirese ecological eco-provinces (eco-provinces) zvichibva pane plankton nharaunda chimiro uye nutrient flux data.Iyo yakarongeka yakasanganiswa ecological province (SAGE) nzira inogona kuona ecological mapurovhinzi mune yakanyanya nonlinear ecosystem modhi.Kuti ienderane neiyo isiri yeGaussian covariance yedata, SAGE inoshandisa t isina kurongeka yekumisikidza muvakidzani (t-SNE) kuderedza chiyero.Nerubatsiro rwekushandiswa kweruzha rwakavakirwa pane density-based spatial clustering (DBSCAN) algorithm, anopfuura zana ematunhu ecological anogona kuzivikanwa.Uchishandisa mepu yekubatanidza ine misiyano yezvakatipoteredza sechinhambwe, dunhu rakasimba rakasanganiswa ecological (AEP) rinotsanangurwa zvine mutsindo kuburikidza nematunhu ezvipenyu.Kushandisa maAEPs, kutonga kwehuwandu hwekupa chikafu pamagariro enharaunda kwakaongororwa.Eco-province neAEP zvakasiyana uye zvinogona kubatsira kududzira modhi.Vanogona kufambisa kuenzanisa pakati pemhando uye vanogona kuwedzera kunzwisisa uye kutarisisa kwezvipenyu zvegungwa.
Mapurovhinzi inzvimbo idzo dzakaomesesa biogeography pagungwa kana pasi yakarongwa munzvimbo dzakabatana uye dzine pfungwa (1).Mapurovhinzi aya akakosha kwazvo pakuenzanisa nekusiyanisa nzvimbo, kuratidza cherechedzo, kuongorora nekudzivirira.Kudyidzana kwakaomarara uye kusiri mutsara kunoburitsa mapurovhinzi aya kunoita kuti nzira dzemuchina usingatarisirwe (ML) dzive dzakakodzera kwazvo pakusarudza mapurovhinzi zvine mutsindo, nekuti covariance mu data yakaoma uye isiri yeGaussian.Pano, nzira yeML inotsanangurwa, iyo inozivisa zvine hungwaru mapurovhinzi ezvipenyu zvemugungwa (eco-provinces) kubva kuDarwin global three-dimensional (3D) physical/ecosystem model (2).Izwi rekuti "yakasarudzika" rinoshandiswa kuratidza kuti nzvimbo yakatarwa haina kupindirana zvakakwana nedzimwe nzvimbo.Iyi nzira inodaidzwa kuti System Integrated Ecological Province (SAGE) nzira.Kuti uite kupatsanura kunobatsira, nzira yealgorithm inoda kubvumira (i) kupatsanurwa kwepasirese uye (ii) ongororo yezviyero zvakawanda zvinogona kuiswa / kuunganidzwa munzvimbo nenguva (3).Mutsvagiridzo iyi, nzira yeSAGE yakatanga kutaurwa uye mapurovhinzi akaonekwa ezvakatipoteredza akakurukurwa.Eco-matunhu anogona kusimudzira kunzwisisa kwezvinhu zvinodzora chimiro chenharaunda, kupa ruzivo runobatsira rwekutarisa maitiro, uye kubatsira kuronda shanduko muecosystem.
Mapurovhinzi epasi anowanzo kurongedzerwa zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekunze (kunaya uye tembiricha), ivhu, zvinomera, uye mhuka, uye anoshandiswa pakubatsira manejimendi, tsvakurudzo yezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana, uye kutonga kwezvirwere (1, 4).Matunhu emugungwa anonetsa kutsanangura.Zvizhinji zvipenyu zvine microscopic, zvine miganhu yemvura.Longhurst et al.(5) Yakapa imwe yekutanga pasi rose kupatsanurwa kweBazi reOceanography zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze.Tsanangudzo yeaya mapurovhinzi e“Longhurst” anosanganisira zvinosiyana zvakaita sekusanganisa chiyero, stratification, uye irradiance, pamwe neruzivo rwakadzama rwaLonghurst senyanzvi yegungwa, ane mamwe mamiriro akakosha ezvipenyu zvegungwa.Longhurst yakashandiswa zvakanyanya, semuenzaniso, kuongorora kugadzirwa kwekutanga uye kabhoni fluxes, hove dzekubatsira, uye kuronga in situ yekutarisa zviitiko (5-9).Kuti titsanangure mapurovhinzi zvine mutsindo, nzira dzakaita senge fungidziro isingatarisirwe uye kusatariswa kwedunhu kusingatarisirwe/nhamba dzakashandiswa (9-14).Chinangwa chenzira dzakadai ndechekuona zvimiro zvine musoro zvinokwanisa kuona mapurovhinzi mune data iripo yekutarisa.Semuyenzaniso, mapurovhinzi emugungwa ane simba (12) anoshandisa mepu dzinozvironga kudzikisira ruzha, uye shandisa hierarchical (miti-based) clustering kuona zvigadzirwa zvemavara zvemugungwa zvinobva kumasatellite edunhu [chlorophyll a (Chl-a), yakajairwa Fluorescence line kureba uye ine ruvara yakanyungudika organic matter] uye munda wenyama (tembiricha yepasi pegungwa uye munyu, absolute dynamic topography uye aizi yegungwa).
Mamiriro enharaunda ye plankton ane hanya nekuti ecology yawo ine simba guru pamazinga epamusoro echikafu, kutora kabhoni uye mamiriro ekunze.Zvakadaro, ichiri chinangwa chinonetsa uye chisinganzwisisike chekuona dunhu repasi rose reecological zvichibva pane plankton nharaunda.Marine color satellites inogona kupa ruzivo mune yakaomesesa-grained classification ye phytoplankton kana kuratidza zvakanakira mapoka anoshanda (15), asi parizvino havakwanise kupa ruzivo rwakadzama pamusoro pemagariro enharaunda.Ongororo dzichangobva kuitika [semuenzaniso Tara Ocean (16)] dziri kupa zviyero zvisati zvamboitika zvechimiro chenharaunda;pari zvino, pane zvishoma chete mu-situ zvakacherechedzwa pachiyero chepasirese (17).Zvidzidzo zvekare zvakaratidza zvakanyanya "Biogeochemical Province" (12, 14, 18) zvichibva pakutemerwa kwezvakafanana zvebiochemical (zvakadai sekutanga kugadzirwa, Chl uye chiedza chiripo).Pano, modhi yenhamba inoshandiswa kuburitsa [Darwin(2)], uye dunhu reecological rinotemerwa zvinoenderana nechimiro chenharaunda uye kuyerera kwechikafu.Nhamba yenhamba yakashandiswa muchidzidzo ichi ine kuvharika kwepasi rose uye inogona kufananidzwa nedata remumunda riripo (17) uye nzvimbo dzekunzwa dziri kure (Cherechedza S1).Iyo data yemhando yenhamba yakashandiswa muchidzidzo ichi ine mukana wekuvharirwa pasi rose.Iyo modhi ye ecosystem ine makumi matatu neshanu emhando dze phytoplankton uye gumi nenhanhatu emhando dze zooplankton (ndapota tarisa kune zvigadzirwa uye nzira).Mhando dzepankton dzemhando dzinodyidzana zvisina tsarukano neasiri eGaussian covariance zvimiro, saka nzira dzakareruka dzekuongorora hadzina kukodzera kuzivisa akasiyana uye anowirirana mapatani muzvimiro zvenharaunda.Nzira yeSAGE yakaunzwa pano inopa nzira itsva yekutarisa kubuda kwemhando dzakaoma dzeDarwin.
Iyo ine simba yekushandura hunyanzvi hwe data sainzi/ML tekinoroji inogona kugonesa yakawandisa yakaoma modhi mhinduro kuratidza yakaoma asi yakasimba zvimiro mu data covariance.A robust method inotsanangurwa senzira inokwanisa kuburitsa zvakatendeka mhedzisiro mukati meiyo yakapihwa kukanganisa range.Kunyangwe mumasisitimu akareruka, kuona maitiro akasimba uye masaini anogona kuve dambudziko.Kusvikira chirevo chinotungamira kune yakacherechedzwa pateni chatemerwa, iyo iri kubuda yakaoma inogona kuita seyakaoma / yakaoma kugadzirisa.Iyo yakakosha maitiro ekuseta kuumbwa kweiyo ecosystem haina mutsara mune zvakasikwa.Kuvepo kwekudyidzana kusiri kwemutsara kunogona kuvhiringa kurongeka kwakasimba, saka zvinodikanwa kudzivirira nzira dzinoita fungidziro dzakasimba pamusoro pekugovera kwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwe data covariance.High-dimensional uye nonlinear data yakajairika muoceanography uye inogona kunge iine covariance chimiro chine yakaoma, isiri-Gaussian topology.Kunyangwe data ine isiri yeGaussian covariance chimiro ingakanganisa kurongeka kwakasimba, nzira yeSAGE inyaya nekuti yakagadzirirwa kuona masumbu ane mapeji epamusoro.
Chinangwa cheSAGE nzira ndechekuona nenzira kwayo maitiro ari kubuda anogona kubatsira kuwedzera kunzwisisa kwezvakatipoteredza.Kutevera cluster-based workflow yakafanana ne (19), iyo ecological uye nutrient flux inosiyana inoshandiswa kuona iyo chete cluster mune data, inonzi ecological province.Nzira yeSAGE inotsanangurwa muchidzidzo ichi (Mufananidzo 1) inotanga kuderedza chiyero kubva ku55 kusvika ku11 dimensions nekupfupisa mapoka ekushanda kweplankton anotsanangurwa a priori (ona Materials and Methods).Uchishandisa t-random yekumisikidza muvakidzani (t-SNE) nzira, saizi inoderedzwa zvakare nekufungidzira mukana munzvimbo ye3D.Kuungana kusingatarisirwe kunogona kuona nzvimbo dziri pedyo nenharaunda [density-based spatial clustering (DBSCAN) yezvikumbiro zvinokonzeresa ruzha].Ose ari maviri t-SNE neDBSCAN anoshanda kune yakasikwa isiri-mutsara ecosystem nhamba yemuenzaniso data.Zvadaro shora purovhinzi yezvakatipoteredza inovapo panyika.Mapurovhinzi anopfuura zana akasiyana ecological akaonekwa, akakodzera kutsvagisa yedunhu.Kuti titarise modhi yepasi rose inowirirana ecosystem, nzira yeSAGE inoshandiswa kubatanidza matunhu eecological kuita aggregated ecological provinces (AEP) kuvandudza kushanda kwematunhu eecological.Iyo nhanho yekuunganidza (inonzi "kuoma") inogona kugadziridzwa kune iyo nhanho yeruzivo rwunodiwa.Sarudza hushoma kuomarara kweiyo yakasimba AEP.Chinangwa chekusarudzwa inzira yeSAGE uye kuongorora zviduku zvakaoma zveAEP zviitiko kuti zvione kutonga kwehutano hwemagariro evanhu.Iwo mapatani anogona kubva aongororwa kuti ape ruzivo rwezvakatipoteredza.Nzira yakaunzwa pano inogonawo kushandiswa pakuenzanisa muenzaniso zvakanyanya, semuenzaniso, nekuongorora nzvimbo dzemapurovhinzi eecological akafanana anowanikwa mumhando dzakasiyana kuratidza misiyano uye kufanana, kuitira kuenzanisa mienzaniso.
(A) Schematic dhizaini yekufambiswa kwebasa rekuona dunhu reecological;kushandisa sum muboka rinoshanda kuderedza data rekutanga 55-dimensional kune 11-dimensional modhi yakabuda, kusanganisira biomass yezvinomwe zvinoshanda / zvinovaka muviri plankton uye mana kudya kunovaka.Kukosha kusingakoshi uye nzvimbo yakavharwa nechando yakasimba.Iyo data yakagadziriswa uye yakajairwa.Ipa 11-dimensional data kune t-SNE algorithm yekusimbisa nhamba dzakafanana masanganiswa emhando.DBSCAN inonyatso sarudza cluster yekuseta iyo parameter kukosha.Pakupedzisira purojekiti data kudzoka kune latitude/longitude fungidziro.Ndokumbira utarise kuti maitiro aya anodzokororwa ka10 nekuti kurongeka kudiki kunogona kugadzirwa nekushandisa t-SNE.(B) inotsanangura nzira yekuwana AEP nekudzokorora mafambiro ebasa mu (A) kagumi.Pane imwe neimwe yeaya gumi ekushandisa, iyo yepakati-yepurovhinzi Bray-Curtis (BC) dissimilarity matrix yakatemwa zvichibva pabiomass ye51 phytoplankton marudzi.Sarudza musiyano weBC pakati pemapurovhinzi, kubva pakuoma 1 AEP kusvika kune yakazara yakaoma 115. The BC benchmark inotarwa neLonghurst Province.
Nzira yeSAGE inoshandisa kubuda kwepasi rose 3D yemuviri / ecosystem nhamba yemuenzaniso kutsanangura dunhu rezvisikwa [Darwin (2);ona Zvishandiso uye Nzira uye Cherechedzo S1].Izvo zvinoumba ecosystem zvinoumbwa nemhando makumi matatu neshanu dze phytoplankton uye gumi nematanhatu marudzi e zooplankton, ane manomwe akafanotsanangurwa anoshanda mapoka: prokaryotes uye eukaryotes akachinjirwa kune yakaderera-inovaka muviri nharaunda, coccidia ine calcium carbonate coating, uye inorema nitrogen kugadzirisa Nitrogen chikafu (chinowanzo kushaya. zvakakosha zvinovaka muviri), zvine siliceous kufukidzira, zvinogona kugadzira mamwe plankton photosynthesis uye kufudza kwakasanganiswa kudya kunovaka muviri flagellates uye zooplankton vafudzi.Saizi span ndeye 0.6 kusvika 2500μm yakaenzana spherical dhayamita.Iyo modhi yekugovera saizi yephytoplankton uye mashandiro anoita mapoka anotora maitiro ese anoonekwa mune satellite uye in-situ zvakaonekwa (ona Figures S1 kusvika S3).Kufanana pakati pechiverengero chenhamba negungwa rakacherechedzwa kunoratidza kuti mapurovhinzi anotsanangurwa nemuenzaniso anogona kushanda kune in-situ ocean.Ndokumbira utarise kuti modhi iyi inongotora zvakasiyana-siyana zve phytoplankton, uye zvimwe chete zvemuviri nekemikari zvekumanikidza siyana dze in situ ocean.Nzira yeSAGE inogona kugonesa vanhu kuti vanzwisise zviri nani nzira yekutonga yedunhu remuenzaniso wenharaunda.
Nekusanganisira chete huwandu hwepasi biomass (neavhareji yenguva yemakore makumi maviri) muboka rega rega replankton rinoshanda, chiyero che data chinogona kudzikiswa.Mushure mezvidzidzo zvekare zvakaratidza basa ravo rakakosha mukugadzirisa nharaunda, yaisanganisirawo mazwi epamhepo kunobva kune zvinovaka muviri fluxes (kupihwa kwenitrogen, iron, phosphate uye silicic acid) [eg (20, 21)] .Iko kupfupikiswa kwemapoka anoshanda kunoderedza dambudziko kubva pa55 (51 plankton uye 4 nutrient fluxes) kuenda ku11 dimensions.Muchidzidzo ichi chekutanga, nekuda kwezvipingamupinyi zvemakomputa zvakaiswa nealgorithm, kudzika uye kusiyanisa nguva hazvina kutariswa.
Nzira yeSAGE inokwanisa kuziva hukama hunokosha pakati pemaitiro asina mutsara uye zvakakosha zvekubatana pakati pekushanda kweboka rebiomass uye nutrient flux.Kushandisa 11-dimensional data yakavakirwa paEuclidean nzira dzekufunda kure (seK-nzira) haigone kuwana matunhu akavimbika uye anogona kudhindwa zvakare (19, 22).Izvi zvinodaro nekuti hapana chimiro cheGaussian chinowanikwa mukugovera kwekutanga kweiyo covariance yezvinhu zvakakosha zvinotsanangura dunhu reecological.Iyo K-nzira dzeVoronoi masero (mitsetse yakatwasuka) haigone kuchengetedza iyo isiri-Gaussian yakakosha kugovera.
The biomass ye7 plankton inoshanda mapoka uye mana nutrient fluxes inoumba 11-dimensional vector x.Naizvozvo, x inzvimbo yevheji pane gidhi remuenzaniso, apo chinhu chimwe nechimwe xi chinomiririra 11-dimensional vector inotsanangurwa pamuenzaniso wakachinjika grid.Imwe neimwe indekisi i inosarudzika gidhi poindi pane sphere, uko (lon, lat) = (ϕi, θi).Kana iyo biomass yemuenzaniso grid unit iri pasi pe1.2 × 10-3mg Chl/m3 kana chando chekuvhara chiyero chinodarika 70%, iyo log ye data biomass inoshandiswa uye kuraswa.Iyo data yakajairwa uye yakamisikidzwa, saka data yese iri muhuwandu hwe [0 kusvika 1], iyo inorehwa inobviswa uye yakayerwa kune yeyuniti musiyano.Izvi zvinoitirwa kuti zvimiro (biomass uye nutrient flux) zvisaganhurwe nekusiyanisa muhuwandu hwehukoshi hunobvira.Clustering inofanira kutora hukama hwekuchinja kubva pachinhambwe chinogoneka pakati pezvimiro kwete chinhambwe chenzvimbo.Nekuyera madaro aya, zvinhu zvakakosha zvinobuda, nepo zvisingakoshi zvinoraswa.Kubva pamaonero ezvakatipoteredza, izvi zvinodikanwa nekuti mamwe marudzi e phytoplankton ane diki biomass anogona kunge aine yakakura biogeochemical mhedzisiro, senge nitrogen kugadzirisa ne diazotrophic bacteria.Kana yakamira uye yakajairika data, aya marudzi ecovariate anozoratidzwa.
Nekusimbisa kuswedera kwezvimiro munzvimbo yakakwira-dimensional munzvimbo yakaderera-dimensional, iyo t-SNE algorithm inoshandiswa kuita kuti matunhu aripo akafanana ajeke.Basa rakapfuura rakanangana nekuvaka yakadzika neural network yeakure sensing application yakashandiswa t-SNE, iyo yakaratidza hunyanzvi hwayo mukuparadzanisa akakosha maficha (23).Iri inhanho inodiwa yekuona kusungirirwa kwakasimba mune data data uchinzvenga zvigadziriso zvisingaite (ona S2).Ichishandisa maGaussian kernels, t-SNE inochengetedza zvimiro zve data nekugadzira mepu yega yega-yepamusoro-dimensional chinhu kusvika pane imwe nzvimbo ye 3D chikamu nzvimbo, nekudaro kuve nechokwadi chekuti mukana wezvinhu zvakafanana munzvimbo dzakakwirira uye dzakaderera dzakakwirira munzvimbo yakakwirira-. nzvimbo yakakura (24).Tichipihwa seti yeN yakakwirira-dimensional zvinhu x1,…, xN, iyo t-SNE algorithm inoderedza nekuderedza Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence (25).KL divergence chiyero chekusiyana kwakasiyana kwekugoverwa kwemukana kubva kune yechipiri referensi mukana wekugovera, uye inogona kunyatso ongorora mukana wekubatana pakati peyakaderera-dimensional inomiririra yemhando yepamusoro-soro.Kana xi chiri chinhu i-th chiri muN-dimensional space, xj chiri chinhu j-th chiri muN-dimensional space, yi chinhu i-th chiri munzvimbo yakaderera-dimensional, uye yj chinhu j-th chiri pasi. -dimensional space, ipapo t -SNE inotsanangura kufanana kungangoitika ppj∣i = exp(-∥xi-xj∥2/2σi2)∑k≠iexp(-∥xi-xk∥2/2σi2), uye nokuda kwekuderedza dimensionality set. q∣j = (1+ ∥ yi-yj∥2)-1∑k≠i(1 +∥yj-yk∥2)-1
Mufananidzo 2A unoratidza mhedzisiro yekudzikisa biomass uye nutrient flux vectors ye11-dimensional musanganiswa ku3D.Kukurudzira kwekushandisa t-SNE kunogona kufananidzwa nekukurudzira kweprincipal component analysis (PCA), iyo inoshandisa mutsauko wekusiyanisa kusimbisa nzvimbo / hunhu hwe data, nokudaro kuderedza chiyero.Nzira ye t-SNE yakawanikwa iri yepamusoro kuPCA mukupa mhedzisiro yakavimbika uye inogoneka yeEco-Ministry (ona Cherechedzo S2).Izvi zvinogona kunge zviri nekuti iyo orthogonality fungidziro yePCA haina kukodzera kuonesa kupindirana kwakakosha pakati peakanyanya nonlinear anopindirana maficha, nekuti PCA inotarisa pane mutsara covariance zvimiro (26).Uchishandisa data rekuona kure, Lunga et al.(27) inotaridza mashandisirwo enzira yeSNE kuratidza maficha akaoma uye asina mutsara anotsauka kubva pakugovera kweGaussian.
(A) Chiyero chekuenzanisa chekudya, phytoplankton uye zooplankton functional group biomass inodhonzwa net-SNE algorithm uye yakapendwa nepurovhinzi inoshandisa DBSCAN.Imwe neimwe poindi inomiririra poindi munzvimbo yakakwira-dimensional, sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 6B, mapoinzi mazhinji anotorwa.Mashafts anoreva “t-SNE” saizi 1, 2 ne3. (B) Maonerwo enzvimbo yepurovhinzi inowanikwa neDBSCAN pagridi yelatitude-longitude yekwakabva.Rudzi runofanira kutorwa sechero ruvara, asi runofanira kuenderana ne (A).
Iwo mapoinzi ari mu t-SNE scatter plot muMufananidzo 2A anoenderana nelatitude uye longitudo.Kana iwo mapoinzi maviri ari mumufananidzo 2A ari padhuze kune mumwe nemumwe, imhaka yekuti biomass yavo uye kudya kunoyerera kwakafanana, kwete nekuda kwenzvimbo.Iwo mavara ari mumufananidzo 2A masumbu akawanikwa pachishandiswa nzira yeDBSCAN (28).Paunenge uchitsvaga kucherechedzwa kwakaomarara, iyo DBSCAN algorithm inoshandisa chinhambwe mukumiririra 3D pakati pemapoinzi (ϵ = 0.39; kuti uwane ruzivo nezve sarudzo iyi, ona Zvishandiso uye Nzira), uye nhamba yemapoinzi akafanana inodiwa kutsanangura sumbu (pano 100 mapoinzi, ndapota ona pamusoro).Iyo DBSCAN nzira haiite chero fungidziro nezve chimiro kana nhamba yemasumbu mune data, sezvakaratidzwa pazasi:
3) Pamapoinzi ese anoonekwa seari mukati mechinhambwe, dzokorora nhanho yechipiri kuti uone muganho wesumbu.Kana iyo nhamba yemapoinzi yakakura kupfuura iyo yakatarwa yehushoma kukosha, inosarudzwa sesumbu.
Dhata isingasangane neiyo shoma nhengo yesumbu uye chinhambwe ϵ metric inoonekwa se "ruzha" uye haina kupihwa ruvara.DBSCAN inokurumidza uye scalable algorithm ine O(n2) kuita mune yakaipisisa kesi.Pakuongororwa kwazvino, hazvina kurongeka.Nhamba shoma yemapoinzi inotarwa nekuongorora kwenyanzvi.Mushure mekugadzirisa chinhambwe mushure, chigumisiro hachina kugadzikana zvakakwana muhuwandu hwe ≈±10.Chinhambwe ichi chinoiswa pachishandiswa kubatana (Mufananidzo 6A) uye chikamu chekuvhara kwegungwa (Mufananidzo 6B).Kubatana kunotsanangurwa sehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemasumbu uye hunonzwa kune ϵ parameter.Kubatana kwepasi kunoratidza kusakwana, kuunganidza matunhu pamwechete.High kubatana kunoratidza overfitting.Zvinogoneka kushandisa hushoma hwepamusoro, asi kana hushoma huchipfuura ca, hazvibviri kuwana mhinduro yakavimbika.135 (Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo, ona Zvishandiso uye Nzira).
Masumbu zana negumi neshanu akaonekwa muMufananidzo 2A anoratidzwa kudzoka panyika muMufananidzo 2B.Ruvara rwega rwega rwunoenderana nekubatana kwakabatana kwebiogeochemical uye ecological zvinhu zvakaonekwa neDBSCAN.Kana masumbu atemerwa, kubatanidzwa kwenzvimbo imwe neimwe muMufananidzo 2A ine latitude nelongitudo chaiyo inoshandiswa kurongedza masumbu kudzokera kunzvimbo.Mufananidzo 2B unoratidza izvi nemavara esumbu akafanana seMufananidzo 2A.Mavara akafanana haafanire kududzirwa seanofanana ecology, nekuti anopihwa nekurongeka uko masumbu anowanikwa negorgorithm.
Nzvimbo iri mumufananidzo 2B inogona kuenzana nemhando yenzvimbo yakasimbiswa mune yenyama uye/kana biogeochemistry yegungwa.Semuenzaniso, masumbu muSouthern Ocean ane zone-symmetrical, ine oligotrophic vortices inoratidzika, uye shanduko yakapinza inoratidza simba remhepo dzekutengeserana.Semuenzaniso, muequatorial Pacific, nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzine chekuita nekukwira dzinoonekwa.
Kuti tinzwisise mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza eEco-Province, mutsauko weBray-Curtis (BC) musiyano index (29) wakashandiswa kuongorora ecology musumbu.Iyo BC chiratidzo idata rehuwandu rinoshandiswa kuyera mutsauko mukumisikidzwa kwenharaunda pakati penzvimbo mbiri dzakasiyana.Chiyero cheBC chinoshanda kune biomass ye51 marudzi e phytoplankton uye zooplankton BCninj = 1-2CninjSni + Snj
BCninj inoreva kufanana pakati pemusanganiswa ni uye musanganiswa nj, apo Cninj iriko ukoshi hushoma hwemhando imwe chete yebiomass iripo mumisanganiswa yese ni uye nj, uye Sni inomiririra huwandu hwezvose zvipenyu zviripo mumisanganiswa yese ni uye Snj.Musiyano weBC wakafanana nechiyero chinhambwe, asi unoshanda munzvimbo isiri-Euclidean, iyo ingangove yakakodzera kune ecological data uye dudziro yayo.
Pachikwata chega chega chakaonekwa muMufananidzo 2B, kufanana kwemukati-mudunhu nepakati peprovincial BC kunogona kuongororwa.Mutsauko weBC mukati medunhu zvinoreva mutsauko uripo pakati peavhareji kukosha kwepurovhinzi nenzvimbo imwe neimwe mudunhu.Musiyano pakati pematunhu eBC unoreva kufanana pakati pedunhu rimwe nemamwe matunhu.Mufananidzo 3A unoratidza symmetric BC matrix (0, dema: inoenderana zvachose; 1, chena: yakasiyana zvachose).Mutsara wega wega mugirafu unoratidza pateni mune data.Mufananidzo 3B unoratidza kukosha kwenzvimbo kwemhedzisiro yeBC muMufananidzo 3A wedunhu rega rega.Kune purovhinzi iri munzvimbo ine kudya kwakaderera uye ine kudya kwakaderera, Mufananidzo 3B unoratidza kuti symmetry yenzvimbo dzakakura dzakatenderedza equator neIndia Ocean zvakangofanana, asi nzvimbo dzepamusoro uye nzvimbo dzekukwira dzakasiyana zvakanyanya.
(A) Chiyero cheBC musiyano chakaongororwa kudunhu rega rega zvichibva paavhareji yemakore makumi maviri epasi rose avhareji ye51 plankton.Cherechedza kuenzanisa kunotarisirwa kwezvinokosha.(B) Kuratidzwa kwenzvimbo kwekoramu (kana mutsara).Kune purovhinzi iri mudenderedzwa redystrophic, kugoverwa kwepasi rose kweBC kufanana kwechiyero kwakaongororwa, uye avhareji yepasi rose yemakore makumi maviri yakaongororwa.Dema (BC = 0) zvinoreva nzvimbo imwe chete, uye chena (BC = 1) zvinoreva kuti hapana kufanana.
Mufananidzo 4A unoratidza musiyano muBC mukati medunhu rega rega mumufananidzo 2B.Yakatsunga nekushandisa avhareji musanganiswa weavhareji nzvimbo musumbu, uye nekuona kusaenzana pakati peBC uye zvinoreva yega yega grid point mudunhu, zvinoratidza kuti nzira yeSAGE inogona kunyatsoparadzanisa 51 mhando zvichienderana neiyo ecological kufanana data yemuenzaniso.Avhareji yepakati sumbu BC kusafanana kweese marudzi makumi mashanu nerimwe ndeye 0.102±0.0049.
(A, B, uye D) Musiyano weBC mukati mepurovhinzi unoongororwa seavhareji BC musiyano pakati penharaunda yega yega yegidhi neavhareji purovhinzi, uye kuomarara hakuna kuderedzwa.(2) Avhareji yepasi rose intra-provincial BC musiyano i0.227±0.117.Uyu ndiwo mucherechedzo we ecological motivation-based classification inokurudzirwa nebasa iri [green line mu(C)].(C) Avhareji yepakati-provincial BC musiyano: Mutsetse mutema unomiririra intra-provincial BC musiyano nekuwedzera kuoma.2σ inobva ku10 kudzokorora kweiyo eco-province identification process.Pakuomarara kwese kwematunhu akawanikwa neDBSCAN, (A) inoratidza kuti BC kusafanana mudunhu iri 0.099, uye kuomarara kwechikamu kunotsanangurwa na(C) igumi nembiri, zvichikonzera kusiyana kweBC kwe0.200 mudunhu.sezvinoratidzwa nemufananidzo.(D).
Mumufananidzo 4B, biomass ye51 plankton mhando inoshandiswa kumiririra yakaenzana BC musiyano mudunhu reLonghurst.Avhareji yese yepurovhinzi yega yega i 0.227, uye kutsauka kwakajairwa kwemagidhi mapoinzi tichitarisa mutsauko uri mudunhu reBC 0.046.Iri hombe pane sumbu rinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 1B.Pane kudaro, uchishandisa huwandu hwemapoka manomwe anoshanda, avhareji intra-mwaka BC kusafanana muLonghurst yakawedzera kusvika 0.232.
Mepu yepasirese eco-province inopa yakaomesesa ruzivo rwekusangana kwakasarudzika uye kuvandudzwa kwakaitwa mukushandisa ecosystem yese chimiro cheLonghurst Province.Ministry of Ecology inotarisirwa kupa nzwisiso mumaitiro ekudzora nhamba yemodhi ecosystem, uye nzwisiso iyi ichabatsira kuongororwa kwebasa remumunda.Nechinangwa chetsvakiridzo iyi, hazvigoneke kuratidza zvizere matunhu anopfuura zana.Chikamu chinotevera chinosuma nzira yeSAGE inopfupikisa mapurovhinzi.
Chimwe chezvinangwa zvepurovhinzi ndechekukurudzira kunzwisiswa kwenzvimbo uye manejimendi edunhu.Kuti uone mamiriro ezvinhu ekukurumidzira, nzira iri muFigure 1B inotaridza matendere ematunhu akafanana.Eco-matunhu akaunganidzwa pamwechete zvichienderana nekufanana kwezvakatipoteredza, uye mapoka akadai emapurovhinzi anonzi AEP.Gadzirisa "complexity" inogadziriswa zvichienderana nehuwandu hwematunhu anofanirwa kutariswa.Izwi rekuti "complexity" rinoshandiswa nekuti rinobvumira mwero wezvimiro zvechimbichimbi kuti zvigadziriswe.Kuti utsanangure kubatanidza zvine musoro, avhareji yepakati-mudunhu BC musiyano we0.227 kubva kuLonghurst unoshandiswa sechiyereso.Pazasi pechiyereso ichi, mapurovhinzi akasanganiswa haachanzi anobatsira.
Sezvinoratidzwa muMufananidzo 3B, matunhu epasi rose anoenderana.Kushandisa inter-provincial BC misiyano, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti mamwe magadzirirwo "akajairika".Yakafuridzirwa nemajini uye magirafu maitiro edzidziso, "magirafu akabatanidzwa" anoshandiswa kuronga> 100 mapurovhinzi zvichienderana nemapurovhinzi akafanana nawo.Iyo "yekubatanidza" metric pano inotemerwa uchishandisa yepakati-yedunhu BC kusawirirana (30).Huwandu hwematunhu ane nzvimbo yakakura yekuisa muzvikamu> 100 mapurovhinzi anogona kutaurwa pano sekuoma kunzwisisa.AEP chigadzirwa chinoisa mapurovhinzi anopfuura zana sematunhu ane masimba / ari pedyo kwazvo ecological.Dunhu rega rega rezve ecological rinopihwa dunhu rakanyanya / rakabatana zvakanyanya ecological iro rakanyanya kufanana navo.Uku kuunganidzwa kwakatemwa nemusiyano weBC kunobvumira nzira yakasarudzika kune ecology yepasi rose.
Iyo yakasarudzwa yakaoma inogona kuve chero kukosha kubva ku1 kusvika kune yakazara yakaoma yeFIG.2A.Pakuoma kwakadzika, AEP inogona kudzikira nekuda kweiyo probabilistic dimensionality yekudzikisa nhanho (t-SNE).Degeneracy inoreva kuti mapurovhinzi eecological anogona kupihwa kune akasiyana maAEP pakati pekudzokorora, nekudaro achichinja nzvimbo yakafukidzwa.Mufananidzo 4C unoratidza kupararira kwekusiyana kweBC mukati memapurovhinzi muAEPs yekuwedzera kuoma mukati mekuita gumi (illustration in Figure 1B).Mumufananidzo 4C, 2σ (nzvimbo yebhuruu) chiyero chekudzikira mu10 kuita, uye mutsetse wegirinhi unomiririra Longhurst benchmark.Chokwadi chakaratidza kuti kuomarara kwegumi nembiri kunogona kuchengetedza musiyano weBC mudunhu pazasi peLonghurst benchmark mune zvese zvinoshandiswa uye kuchengetedza zvishoma zvishoma 2σ kuderedzwa.Muchidimbu, zvishoma zvinokurudzirwa kuomarara i12 AEPs, uye avhareji intra-province BC musiyano wakaongororwa pachishandiswa 51 plankton marudzi i0.198±0.013, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo 4D.Uchishandisa huwandu hwemapoka manomwe eplankton anoshanda, avhareji BC musiyano mukati mepurovhinzi ndeye 2σ pachinzvimbo che 0.198±0.004.Kuenzanisa pakati peBC misiyano yakaverengerwa neiyo yakazara biomass yemapoka manomwe anoshanda kana biomass eese 51 plankton marudzi anoratidza kuti kunyangwe iyo nzira yeSAGE inoshanda kune 51-dimensional mamiriro, ndeye iyo yakazara biomass yemapoka manomwe anoshanda. Zvekudzidziswa.
Zvichienderana nechinangwa chekutsvagisa chero kupi, mazinga akasiyana ekuoma anogona kutariswa.Zvidzidzo zvemudunhu zvingada kuomarara kuzere (kureva, matunhu ese zana negumi neshanu).Semuenzaniso uye nekujekesa, funga zvishoma zvakakurudzirwa kuomarara kwe12.
Semuenzaniso wekushandiswa kweSAGE nzira, 12 AEPs ine hushoma kuoma kwe12 inoshandiswa pano kuongorora kutonga kwekukurumidzira kwenharaunda.Mufananidzo 5 unoratidza maonero ezve ecological akaunganidzwa neAEP (kubva A kusvika L): MuRedfield stoichiometry, geographic extent (Figure 5C), inoshanda boka biomass kuumbwa (Figure 5A) uye kudya kunovaka muviri (Figure 5B) inoitwa neN Zoomed.Reshiyo (N:Si:P:Fe, 1:1:16:16×103) inoratidzwa.Pachikamu chekupedzisira, P yakawedzera ne 16 uye Fe yakawedzera ne 16 × 103, saka girafu yebha yakaenzana nezvinodiwa zvekudya zve phytoplankton.
Mapurovhinzi akaiswa muzvikamu gumi nemaviri AEPs A kusvika L. (A) Biomass (mgC/m3) ecosystems mumatunhu gumi nemaviri.(B) Muyero wekudya kunonyungudutswa kwenitrogen (N), iron (Fe), phosphate (P) uye silicic acid (Si) (mmol/m3 pagore).Fe uye P inowedzerwa ne 16 ne 16 × 103, zvichiteerana, kuitira kuti mitsetse inomisikidzwa kune phytoplankton stoichiometry zvinodiwa.(C) Cherechedza mutsauko uripo pakati penzvimbo dzepolar, subtropical cyclones uye nzvimbo huru dzemwaka / dzinokwira.Zviteshi zvekutarisa zvakaiswa sezvizvi: 1, SEATS;2, ALOHA;3, chiteshi P;uye 4, BATS.
Iyo AEP yakaonekwa yakasarudzika.Pane kumwe kuenzana kwakatenderedza equator muAtlantic nePacific Oceans, uye imwe nzvimbo yakafanana asi yakakurisa iripo muIndian Ocean.Mamwe maAEP anombundira divi rekumadokero kwekondinendi rine chekuita nekukwira.Iyo South Pole Circumpolar Current inoonekwa seyakakura zonal chimiro.Subtropical cyclone inoteedzana yakaoma ye oligotrophic AEP.Mumapurovhinzi aya, maitiro akajairwa ekusiyana kwebiomass pakati pe plankton-inodzorwa oligotrophic vortices uye diatom-rakapfuma polar matunhu ari pachena.
MaEEP ane phytoplankton biomass akada kufanana anogona kuva nenharaunda dzakasiyana siyana uye anovhara nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzenzvimbo, dzakadai seD, H, uye K, dzine phytoplankton biomass dzakafanana.AEP H inonyanya kuwanikwa muEquatorial Indian Ocean, uye kune akawanda diazotrophic bacteria.AEP D inowanikwa mumabheseni akati wandei, asi inonyanya kuzivikanwa muPacific munzvimbo dzinopa goho repamusoro dzakatenderedza kukwira kwe equatorial.Chimiro chepurovhinzi iyi yePacific chinoyeuchidza chitima cheplanetary wave.Kune mashoma diazobacteria muAEP D, uye mamwe makoni.Kana ichienzaniswa nemamwe mapurovhinzi maviri, AEP K inongowanikwa munzvimbo dzakakwirira dzeArctic Ocean, uye kune madiatoms akawanda uye mapurani mashoma.Zvakakosha kuziva kuti huwandu hwe plankton mumatunhu matatu aya hwakasiyanawo.Pakati pavo, iyo plankton kuwanda kweAEP K yakaderera, nepo iyo yeAEP D neH yakakwira.Naizvozvo, kunyangwe ne biomass yavo (uye saka yakafanana neChl-a), mapurovhinzi aya akasiyana chaizvo: Chl-based province test inogona kusatora misiyano iyi.
Zviripachena zvakare kuti mamwe maAEP ane biomass akasiyana zvakanyanya anogona kunge akafanana maererano neiyo phytoplankton community structure.Semuenzaniso, izvi zvinoonekwa muAEP D uye E. Ivo vari pedyo kune mumwe nemumwe, uye muPacific Ocean, AEP E iri pedyo neAEPJ inobereka zvikuru.Saizvozvo, hapana hukama hwakajeka pakati pe phytoplankton biomass uye zooplankton kuwanda.
AEP inogona kunzwisiswa maererano nekudya kunopihwa kwavari (Mufananidzo 5B).Diatoms inongowanikwa chete apo kune huwandu hwakakwana hwesiliciic acid.Kazhinji, kukwirisa kupihwa kwe silicic acid, ndiko kunowedzera biomass ye diatoms.Diatoms inogona kuonekwa muAEP A, J, K uye L. The reshiyo ye diatom biomass inoenderana nedzimwe phytoplankton inotarwa neN, P uye Fe yakapihwa maererano nezvinodiwa diatom.Semuenzaniso, AEP L inotongwa nemadiatoms.Kuenzaniswa nezvimwe zvinovaka muviri, Si ine yakanyanya kuwanikwa.Kusiyana neizvi, pasinei nekugadzirwa kwepamusoro, AEP J ine diatoms shoma uye shoma silicon inopa (zvose uye zvine chokuita nezvimwe zvinovaka muviri).
Diazonium mabhakitiriya ane kugona kugadzirisa nitrogen, asi anokura zvishoma nezvishoma (31).Dzinogara pamwe chete nedzimwe phytoplankton, uko iron uye phosphorus zvakanyanyisa maererano nezvinodiwa kwete-diazonium nutrients (20, 21).Zvakakosha kuziva kuti diazotrophic biomass yakakwira zvakanyanya, uye kupihwa kweFe neP kwakakura kunoenderana nekupihwa kweN. Nenzira iyi, kunyangwe iyo yakazara biomass muAEP J yakakwirira, iyo diazonium biomass muAEP H iri. hombe pane iri muJ. Ndokumbira utarise kuti AEP J neH akasiyana munzvimbo, uye H iri muEquatorial Indian Ocean.
Kana iyo ecosystem chimiro chisina kukamurwa kuita mapurovhinzi, zviono zvakawanikwa kubva kune gumi nembiri AEP's yakaderera kuomarara modhi hazvizonyatsojeka.Iyo AEP inogadzirwa neSAGE inofambisa kuenzanisa uye panguva imwe chete yeruzivo rwakaoma uye rwepamusoro-soro kubva kune ecosystem modhi.AEP inosimbisa kuti nei Chl isiri yakanaka uye imwe nzira yekuona nharaunda chimiro kana zooplankton kuwanda pamazinga epamusoro echikafu.Ongororo yakadzama yezvinoenderera mberi yekutsvagisa misoro inodarika chiyero chechinyorwa ichi.Nzira yeSAGE inopa nzira yekuongorora dzimwe nzira mumuenzaniso iyo iri nyore kubata pane kutarisa-ku-point.
Iyo SAGE nzira inokurudzirwa kubatsira kujekesa zvakanyanya kuomarara data kubva kune yepasi rose yemuviri / biogeochemical / ecosystem nhamba dzemhando.Dunhu reecological rinotemerwa neiyo yakazara biomass yecross-plankton inoshanda mapoka, mashandisirwo et-SNE probability dimensionality reduction algorithm uye kubatanidza uchishandisa isina kutariswa yeML nzira DBSCAN.Iyo yepakati-yematunhu BC musiyano/girafu dzidziso yekugadzira dendere inoshandiswa kuburitsa yakasimba AEP inogona kushandiswa kududzira pasi rose.Panyaya yekuvaka, iyo Eco-Province neAEP zvakasiyana.Iyo AEP dendere inogona kugadziridzwa pakati pekuomarara kuzere kweiyo yepakutanga nharaunda yezvipenyu uye yakakurudzirwa diki chidimbu chegumi nemaviri AEPs.Nesting uye kuona kushoma kuomarara kweAEP kunoonekwa sematanho akakosha, nekuti mukana wet-SNE unodzikisira maAEP e <12 yakaoma.Nzira yeSAGE ndeyepasi rose, uye kuoma kwayo kunobva> 100 AEPs kusvika 12. Kuti zvive nyore, zvinotarisa zvino ndezvokuoma kwe12 pasi rose AEPs.Tsvagiridzo yeramangwana, kunyanya zvidzidzo zvedunhu, inogona kuwana diki diki renzvimbo yepasirese eco-purovhinzi inobatsira, uye inogona kuunganidzwa munzvimbo diki kutora mukana iwoyo iwowo ecology maonero akurukurwa pano.Inopa mazano ekuti mapurovhinzi aya eecological uye ruzivo rwakawanikwa kubva kwavari rwunogona kushandiswa kuwedzera kunzwisisa kwezvakatipoteredza, kufambisa muenzaniso kuenzanisa, uye zvinogona kuvandudza kutariswa kwezvipenyu zvegungwa.
Dunhu reecological uye AEP inotaridzwa neSAGE nzira yakavakirwa pane data mumuenzaniso wenhamba.Netsanangudzo, iyo nhamba yemhando chimiro chakareruka, kuyedza kutora hunhu hwechinangwa chehurongwa, uye mhando dzakasiyana dzichave nekugovera kwakasiyana kweplankton.Chiverengo chenhamba chakashandiswa muchidzidzo chino hachikwanisi kunyatsotora mamwe emhando dzakacherechedzwa (semuenzaniso, mufungidziro yeChl yedunhu reequatorial neSouthern Ocean).Chikamu chidiki chete chezvakasiyana-siyana mugungwa chairo chinotorwa, uye meso uye sub-mesoscales haigone kugadziriswa, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kuyerera kwekudya uye diki-mwero nharaunda chimiro.Pasinei nekukanganisa uku, zvinoitika kuti AEP inobatsira zvikuru mukubatsira kunzwisisa mhando dzakaoma.Nekuongorora kuti mapurovhinzi akafanana eecological anowanikwa kupi, AEP inopa mukana wekuenzanisa muenzaniso wekushandisa.Ikozvino nhamba yemuenzaniso inobata maitiro ose ekunzwa kure phytoplankton Chl-a concentration uye kugoverwa kwehukuru hweplankton uye boka rinoshanda (Cherechedza S1 uye Mufananidzo S1) (2, 32).
Sezvinoratidzwa ne0.1 mgChl-a/m-3 contour line, AEP yakakamurwa kuita oligotrophic area uye mesotrophic area (Mufananidzo S1B): AEP B, C, D, E, F uye G inzvimbo dze oligotrophic, uye nzvimbo dzakasara dziri iri Higher Chl-a.AEP inoratidza mamwe matsamba neLonghurst Province (Mufananidzo S3A), semuenzaniso, iyo Southern Ocean uye equatorial Pacific.Mune mamwe matunhu, AEP inovhara akawanda Longhurst matunhu, uye zvinopesana.Sezvo chinangwa chekuganhura matunhu munzvimbo iyi neLonghurst chakasiyana, zvinotarisirwa kuti pave nemusiyano.Multiple AEPs mudunhu reLonghurst anoratidza kuti dzimwe nzvimbo dzine biogeochemistry dzakafanana dzinogona kunge dziine akasiyana ecosystem zvimiro.AEP inoratidza imwe tsamba inonyorerana nemamiriro emuviri, sezvakaratidzwa pachishandiswa kudzidza kusingatarisirwe (19), senge munzvimbo dzinokwirisa (semuenzaniso, Southern Ocean uye equatorial Pacific; Mufananidzo S3, C uye D).Aya matsamba anoratidza kuti chimiro chenharaunda ye plankton chinokanganiswa zvakanyanya nemakungwa.Munzvimbo dzakaita seNorth Atlantic, AEP inopfuura nemapurovhinzi chaiwo.Iyo nzira inokonzera misiyano iyi inogona kusanganisira maitiro akadai sekutakura guruva, izvo zvinogona kutungamirira kune zvakasiyana zvachose zvirongwa zvekudya kunyange pasi pemamiriro akafanana emuviri.
Ministry of Ecology neAEP yakaratidza kuti kushandisa Chl chete hakugone kuona zvinhu zveecology, seizvo nharaunda yezvemugungwa inoona nezve ecology yatoona.Izvi zvinoonekwa mumaAEPs ane biomass yakafanana asi zvakasiyana zvakanyanya kuumbwa kwezvakatipoteredza (zvakadai seD uye E).Kusiyana neizvi, maAEP akadai saD neK ane biomass akasiyana zvakanyanya asi akafanana ecological kuumbwa.AEP inosimbisa kuti hukama pakati pebiomass, ecological kuumbwa uye zooplankton kuwanda kwakaoma.Semuenzaniso, kunyangwe AEP J ichimira pachena maererano ne phytoplankton ne plankton biomass, AEP's A ne L dzine ma plankton biomass akafanana, asi A ane mapurani akawanda epamusoro.AEP inosimbisa kuti phytoplankton biomass (kana Chl) haigone kushandiswa kufanotaura zooplankton biomass.Zooplankton ndiyo hwaro hwecheni yechikafu chehove, uye fungidziro yakanyatsojeka inogona kutungamira kune zvirinani zviwanikwa.Masatelliti emugungwa eramangwana [somuenzaniso, PACE (plankton, aerosol, cloud, and marine ecosystem)] anogona kunge ari panzvimbo iri nani kubatsira kufungidzira nharaunda yephytoplankton.Kushandisa kufanotaura kweAEP kunogona kufambisa fungidziro yezooplankton kubva muchadenga.Nzira dzakaita seSAGE, dzakasanganiswa nematekinoroji matsva, uye nekuwedzera data remumunda rinowanikwa kuongororo yechokwadi yepasi (seTara uye yekutevera tsvagiridzo), inogona pamwe chete kutora nhanho kuenda kune satellite-based ecosystem health monitoring.
Iyo SAGE nzira inopa nzira iri nyore yekuongorora dzimwe nzira dzinodzora hunhu hwepurovhinzi, senge biomass/Chl, mambure ekutanga kugadzirwa, uye nharaunda chimiro.Semuenzaniso, chiyero chechidimbu che diatoms chinogadziriswa nekusaenzana mukugovera kweSi, N, P, uye Fe maererano nezvinodiwa zve phytoplankton stoichiometric.Pachiyero chekugovera, nharaunda inotongwa nediatoms (L).Kana mwero wekupa usina kuenzana (kureva kuti, kupihwa kwesilicon kwakadzikira pane kudiwa kwekudya kwediatoms), diatoms inongotora chikamu chidiki cheKugovera (K).Apo kugoverwa kweFe neP kunodarika kugoverwa kweN (somuenzaniso, E uye H), mabhakitiriya e diazotrophic achakura zvakasimba.Kuburikidza nemamiriro ezvinhu akapihwa neAEP, kuongororwa kwemaitiro ekudzora kuchawedzera kubatsira.
Iyo Eco-Province neAEP inzvimbo dzine nharaunda dzakafanana.Nguva dzakatevedzana kubva kune imwe nzvimbo mukati medunhu rezvakatipoteredza kana AEP inogona kutariswa senzvimbo yereferensi uye inogona kumiririra nzvimbo yakafukidzwa nedunhu reecological kana AEP.Yenguva refu pane-saiti yekutarisa zviteshi zvinopa yakadaro nguva nhevedzano.Yenguva refu in-situ data seti icharamba ichiita basa risingaverengeki.Kubva pakuona kwekutarisa maitiro emunharaunda, nzira yeSAGE inogona kuonekwa senzira yekubatsira kuziva nzvimbo inobatsira zvikuru yezvitsva zvitsva.Semuenzaniso, nguva yakatevedzana kubva kunguva yakareba yenguva refu ye oligotrophic habitat assessment (ALOHA) iri muAEP B yenzvimbo ye oligotrophic (Mufananidzo 5C, chinyorwa 2).Nokuti ALOHA iri pedyo nemuganhu weimwe AEP, nguva yenguva inogona kunge isingamiriri nzvimbo yose, sezvakambotaurwa (33).MuAEP B imwechete, nguva dzakatevedzana SEATS (Southeast Asian Time Series) iri kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweTaiwan (34), kure nemiganhu yemamwe maAEPs (Mufananidzo 5C, label 1), uye inogona kushandiswa senzvimbo iri nani yekutarisa. AEPB.The BATS (Bermuda Atlantic Time Series Study) time series (Figure 5C, label 4) muAEPC iri pedyo zvikuru nemuganho uri pakati peAEP C neF, izvo zvinoratidza kuti kuongorora AEP C uchishandisa BATS nguva dzakatevedzana kunogona kunetsa.Chiteshi cheP muAEP J (Mufananidzo 5C, chinyorwa 3) chiri kure nemuganhu weAEP, saka chinomiririra zvakanyanya.Eco-Province neAEP inogona kubatsira kumisa hwaro hwekutarisa hwakakodzera kuongorora shanduko yepasirese, nekuti mvumo yematunhu yekuongorora kuti ndepapi sampling yepasaiti inogona kupa ruzivo rwakanyanya.Nzira yeSAGE inogona kuvandudzwa kuti ishandiswe kune data yemamiriro ekunze kuti iongorore kuchinja kwekuchengetedza nguva.
Kubudirira kweiyo nzira yeSAGE kunowanikwa kuburikidza nekuchenjerera kushandisa data sainzi / ML nzira uye domain-chaiyo ruzivo.Kunyanya, t-SNE inoshandiswa kuita kuderedza chiyero, iyo inochengetedza covariance chimiro chepamusoro-dimensional data uye inofambisa kuoneka kwecovariance topology.Iyo data yakarongedzwa muchimiro chemitsetse uye covariances (Mufananidzo 2A), zvichiratidza kuti matanho-akavakirwa kure (akadai seK-nzira) haana kukodzera nekuti vanowanzo shandisa Gaussian (denderedzwa) kugovera kwekutanga (yakakurukurwa muCherechedzo S2) .Iyo DBSCAN nzira inokodzera chero covariance topology.Chero bedzi iwe uchiteerera kumisikidza parameter, chitupa chakavimbika chinogona kupihwa.Iko computational cost ye t-SNE algorithm yakakwirira, iyo inogadzirisa kushandiswa kwayo ikozvino kune yakawanda yakawanda yedata, zvinoreva kuti zvakaoma kushandisa kune yakadzika kana nguva-inosiyana-siyana minda.Basa pamusoro pe scalability ye t-SNE riri kuenderera mberi.Sezvo KL kureba kuri nyore kuenzanirana, iyo t-SNE algorithm ine yakanaka mukana wekuwedzera mune ramangwana (35).Kusvika pari zvino, dzimwe nzira dzekudzikisa hukuru dzinovimbisa dzinogona kuderedza saizi dzinosanganisira nzira dzakabatana dzekufungidzira uye fungidziro (UMAP), asi kuongororwa mumamiriro e data yegungwa kunodiwa.Chirevo che scalability chiri nani ndechekuti, semuenzaniso, kurongedza mamiriro ekunze epasirese kana mamodheru ane kuoma kwakasiyana pane yakasanganiswa layer.Nzvimbo dzinotadza kuverengerwa neSAGE mudunhu chero ripi zvaro dzinogona kutorwa sedzasara dzemavara matema pamufananidzo 2A.Nezvenzvimbo, nzvimbo idzi dzakanyanya munzvimbo dzine mwaka wakanyanya, izvo zvinopa pfungwa yekuti kutora matunhu eecology anoshanduka nekufamba kwenguva zvinopa mukana uri nani.
Kuti ugadzire nzira yeSAGE, pfungwa kubva kune dzakaoma zvirongwa / sainzi yedata yakashandiswa, vachishandisa kugona kuona masumbu emapoka anoshanda (mukana wekuva pedyo zvakanyanya munzvimbo ye11-dimensional) uye kuona mapurovhinzi.Aya mapurovhinzi anoratidza mavhoriyamu chaiwo munzvimbo yedu ye3D t-SNE chikamu.Saizvozvo, chikamu chePoincaré chinogona kushandiswa kuongorora "vhoriyamu" yenzvimbo yehurumende inogarwa neiyo trajectory kuona "yakajairika" kana "chaotic" maitiro (36).Kune iyo static 11-dimensional modhi inobuda, vhoriyamu inogarwa mushure mekunge data yashandurwa kuita 3D chikamu nzvimbo inogona kutsanangurwa zvakafanana.Hukama huri pakati penzvimbo nenzvimbo mune 3D chikamu nzvimbo haisi nyore, asi inogona kutsanangurwa maererano nekufanana kwezvakatipoteredza.Nechikonzero ichi, iyo yakajairwa BC kusiyanisa chiyero inosarudzwa.
Basa remangwana richashandisa zvakare nzira yeSAGE yekuchinja kwemwaka nemwaka kuongorora kusiyanisa kwenzvimbo yematunhu akaonekwa uye AEP.Chinangwa cheramangwana ndechekushandisa nzira iyi kubatsira kuona kuti ndeapi matunhu anogona kutariswa kuburikidza nekuyerwa kwesetiraiti (seChl-a, kuremekedza sensing reflectivity uye tembiricha yegungwa).Izvi zvinobvumidza kuremerwa kwekunzwa kuongororwa kwezvikamu zveecology uye kuchinjika kwakanyanya kutarisisa kwematunhu ecological uye kusiyana kwawo.
Chinangwa chetsvagurudzo iyi kuunza nzira yeSAGE, inotsanangura dunhu rezvakatipoteredza kuburikidza neyakasarudzika plankton nharaunda.Pano, rumwe ruzivo rwakadzama nezve yemuviri / biogeochemical / ecosystem modhi uye iyo parameter kusarudzwa kweiyo t-SNE uye DBSCAN algorithms ichapihwa.
Zvikamu zvemuviri zvemuenzaniso zvinobva pakufungidzira kutenderera kwegungwa uye mamiriro ekunze [ECCOv4;(37) fungidziro yenyika inotsanangurwa ne(38).Kugadziriswa kwezita kwekufungidzira kwenyika ndeye 1/5.Iyo idiki masikweya nzira ine Lagrangian yekuwedzera nzira inoshandiswa kuwana yekutanga uye yemuganhu mamiriro uye yemukati modhi paramita inogadziriswa nekutarisa, nekudaro ichigadzira yemahara-inomhanya MIT general cycle modhi (MITgcm) (39), iyo modhi Mushure mekugadzirisa, mhedzisiro inogona. kurondwa nekucherechedzwa.
Iyo biogeochemistry/ecosystem ine tsananguro yakazara (kureva equations uye parameter value) mu (2).Iyo modhi inobata kutenderera kweC, N, P, Si uye Fe kuburikidza neasinga organic uye organic madziva.Shanduro inoshandiswa pano inosanganisira 35 marudzi e phytoplankton: 2 marudzi e microprokaryotes uye 2 marudzi e microeukaryotes (yakakodzera nzvimbo shoma-inovaka muviri), 5 marudzi eCryptomonas sphaeroides (ane calcium carbonate coating), 5 marudzi e diazonium ( Inogona kugadzirisa nitrogen, saka haina kuganhurirwa) kuvapo kweyakanyungudika inorganic nitrogen), 11 diatoms (kuumba siliceous cover), 10 yakasanganiswa-vegetative flagellates (inogona photosynthesize uye kudya mamwe plankton) uye 16 Zooplankton (inofura pane imwe plankton).Aya anonzi "biogeochemical functional groups" nekuti ane maitiro akasiyana pamarine biogeochemistry (40, 41) uye anowanzoshandiswa mukutarisa uye modhi zvidzidzo.Mumuenzaniso uyu, boka rega rega rinoshanda rinoumbwa nemaplankton akati wandei ehukuru hwakasiyana, ane span ye0.6 kusvika 2500 μm yakaenzana spherical diameter.
Maparamita anobata phytoplankton kukura, kufudza uye kunyura ane hukama nehukuru, uye pane misiyano chaiyo pakati pemapoka matanhatu ephytoplankton anoshanda (32).Pasinei nemaitiro akasiyana emuviri, mhedzisiro ye51 plankton zvikamu zvemuenzaniso zvakashandiswa mune dzinoverengeka zvidzidzo zvechangobva kuitika (42-44).
Kubva 1992 kusvika 2011, iyo yemuviri/biogeochemical/ecosystem coupling modhi yakatora makore makumi maviri.Kubuda kwemuenzaniso kunosanganisira plankton biomass, kudya kunovaka muviri uye chiyero chekupa chikafu (DIN, PO4, Si uye Fe).Muchidzidzo ichi, avhareji yemakore makumi maviri ezvakabuda izvi yakashandiswa semupiro weEcological Province.Chl, kugoverwa kwe plankton biomass uye kudya kunovaka muviri uye kugoverwa kwemapoka ekushanda kunofananidzwa ne satellite uye in-situ kucherechedza [ona (2, 44), Cherechedza S1 uye nhamba.S1 kusvika S3].
Kune iyo SAGE nzira, iyo huru sosi yekusagadzikana inobva padanho re-t-SNE.Randomness inotadzisa kudzokorora, zvinoreva kuti mhedzisiro yacho haina kuvimbika.Nzira yeSAGE inoedza zvakasimba kusimba nekuona seti yemiganhu ye t-SNE neDBSCAN, iyo inogona kuramba ichiziva masumbu paanodzokororwa.Kusarudza "kuvhiringidzika" kwe t-SNE parameter kunogona kunzwisiswa sekuona dhigirii iyo mepu kubva kumusoro kusvika kune yakaderera zviyero inofanira kuremekedza hunhu hwenzvimbo kana hwepasirese hwe data.Yakasvika mukuvhiringidzika kwe400 uye 300 iterations.
Kune iyo clustering algorithm DBSCAN, iyo shoma saizi uye chinhambwe metric yemapoinzi edhata musumbu inoda kutsanangurwa.Nhamba shoma inotarwa pasi pekutungamirirwa kwenyanzvi.Ruzivo urwu runoziva zvinoenderana neyazvino nhamba yekuenzanisira chimiro uye kugadzirisa.Nhamba shoma ndeye 100. Nhamba yepamusoro yepamusoro (isingasviki <135 isati yasvika muganhu wepamusoro wegirini wakawedzera) inogona kufungwa, asi haigoni kutsiva nzira yekubatanidza inobva paBC kusafanana.Chiyero chekubatanidza (Mufananidzo 6A) inoshandiswa kugadzirisa ϵ parameter, iyo inobatsira kuvharo yakakwirira (Mufananidzo 6B).Kubatana kunotsanangurwa sehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemasumbu uye hunonzwa kune ϵ parameter.Kubatana kwepasi kunoratidza kusakwana, kuunganidza matunhu pamwechete.High kubatana kunoratidza overfitting.Overfitting zvakare inonetsa, nekuti inoratidza kuti fungidziro yepakutanga inogona kutungamira kumhedzisiro isingagadzirike.Pakati pezviviri izvi zvakanyanyisa, kuwedzera kwakanyanya (kunowanzonzi "elbow") kunoratidza zvakanakisisa ϵ.Mumufananidzo 6A, unoona kuwedzera kwakanyanya munzvimbo yebani (yero,> 200 masumbu), ichiteverwa nekuderera kwakanyanya (girini, 100 masumbu), anosvika zana nemakumi matatu, akakomberedzwa nemasumbu mashoma (bhuruu, <60 masumbu) )Munzvimbo dzinosvika zana dzebhuruu, chero sumbu rimwe chete rinotonga gungwa rose (ϵ <0.42), kana yakawanda yegungwa haina kurongeka uye inoonekwa seruzha (ϵ> 0.99).Iyo yero nzvimbo ine yakanyanya kuchinjika, isinga gadziriswe cluster kugovera.Sezvo ϵ inoderera, ruzha runowedzera.Nzvimbo yakasvibira iri kuwedzera zvakanyanya inonzi gokora.Iyi inzvimbo yakakwana.Kunyangwe mukana we t-SNE uchishandiswa, kusafanana kweBC mukati mepurovhinzi kunogona kushandiswa kuona kubatanidza kwakavimbika.Uchishandisa Mufananidzo 6 (A uye B), isa ϵ ku0.39.Iyo yakakura nhamba shoma, iyo idiki mukana wekusvika kune ϵ inobvumira kurongeka kwakavimbika, uye yakakura nzvimbo yakasvibira ine kukosha kukuru kupfuura 135. Kuwedzera kwenzvimbo iyi kunoratidza kuti gokora richanyanya kuoma kuwana kana kusa- aripo.
Mushure mekugadzirisa ma parameters e t-SNE, nhamba yose yezvikwata zvakawanikwa ichashandiswa seyero yekubatanidza (A) uye chikamu che data yakagoverwa kusumbu (B).Doti dzvuku rinoratidza kusanganiswa kwakanakisa kwekuvhara uye kubatana.Nhamba shoma inotarwa zvichienderana nenhamba shoma ine chekuita neecology.
Zvekuwedzera zvechinyorwa chino, ndapota ona http://advances.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/6/22/eaay4740/DC1
Ichi chinyorwa chekupinda chakavhurika chakagoverwa pasi pemitemo yeCreative Commons Attribution License.Chinyorwa chinobvumira kushandiswa kusingarambidzwi, kugovera, uye kuberekazve mune chero svikiro pasi pemamiriro ekuti basa rekutanga rakanyorwa nemazvo.
Ongorora: Isu tinongokumbira kuti upe email kero yako kuitira kuti munhu waunokurudzira kune peji azive kuti unoda kuti vaone iyo email uye kuti haisi spam.Isu hatisi kuzotora chero email kero.
Mubvunzo uyu unoshandiswa kuongorora kana uri muenzi uye kudzivirira kutumira spam otomatiki.
Global Ministry yeMarine Ecology yakatsunga kugadzirisa matambudziko akaomarara uye inoshandisa isina kutariswa ML kuongorora nharaunda.
Global Ministry yeMarine Ecology yakatsunga kugadzirisa matambudziko akaomarara uye inoshandisa isina kutariswa ML kuongorora nharaunda.
Nguva yekutumira: Jan-12-2021