topimg

Khatarta, adkeysiga iyo dib u habeynta silsiladaha qiimaha caalamiga ah

Faafida Covid-19 ayaa daaha ka qaaday daciifnimada shabakadaha ganacsiga caalamiga ah ee saldhig u ah silsiladaha qiimaha caalamiga ah.Baahida batay iyo caqabadaha ganacsi ee cusub ee la aasaasay awgeed, carqaladii bilawga ahayd ee silsiladda sahayda ee alaabada caafimaad ee muhiimka ah ayaa keentay in siyaasad-dejiyeyaasha adduunka oo dhan ay su'aal galiyaan ku tiirsanaanta waddankooda alaab-qeybiyeyaasha shisheeye iyo shabakadaha wax soo saarka caalamiga ah.Tiirkani wuxuu si faahfaahsan uga hadli doonaa soo kabashada Shiinaha ee faafitaanka faafa, waxayna rumeysan tahay in jawaabteedu ay bixin karto tilmaamo mustaqbalka silsiladaha qiimaha caalamiga ah.
Silsilada qiimaha caalamiga ah ee hadda jira waa kuwo hufan, xirfad leh oo isku xiran, laakiin sidoo kale aad bay ugu nugul yihiin khataraha caalamiga ah.Faafida Covid-19 ayaa daliil cad u ah tan.Iyada oo Shiinaha iyo dhaqaalaha kale ee Aasiya uu ku dhacay fayraska dillaacay, dhinaca sahayda ayaa kala go'ay rubuci hore ee 2020.Adduunka oo dhan (Seric et al. 2020).Burburkii silsiladda saadka ee xigay ayaa keenay siyaasad dejiyeyaal dalal badan si ay wax uga qabtaan baahida isku-filnaansho dhaqaale oo ay horumariyaan xeelado si si wanaagsan looga jawaabo khataraha caalamiga ah, xitaa qiimaha hufnaanta iyo horumarinta wax soo saarka ee ay keentay caalamiyeynta (Michel 2020, Evenett 2020) .
Wax ka qabashada baahidan isku filnaansho, gaar ahaan marka la eego ku tiirsanaanta dhaqaale ee Shiinaha, waxay keentay xiisadaha juqraafiyeed, sida kororka faragelinta ganacsiga horraanta Diseembar 2020 (Evenett and Fritz 2020).Ilaa 2020, ku dhawaad ​​1,800 faragelin xaddidan oo cusub ayaa la hirgeliyay.Tani waa in ka badan kala badh tirada murannada ganacsiga ee Shiinaha iyo Maraykanka iyo wareeg cusub oo ilaalin ganacsi oo xoogaystay labadii sano ee la soo dhaafay (Jaantuska 1).1 In kasta oo tallaabooyinka xoraynta ganacsiga ee cusub la qaaday ama la joojiyay qaar ka mid ah xannibaadaha ganacsiga degdegga ah muddadan, adeegsiga tillaabooyinka faragelinta ganacsiga ee takoorka ah ayaa dhaaftay tillaabooyinka xoraynta.
Fiiro gaar ah: Isha xogta tirakoobka ka dib markii warbixintu ay dib u habeyn ku sameyso: Digniinta Ganacsiga Caalamiga ah, garaafka waxaa laga soo qaatay Platform Falanqaynta Warshadaha
Shiinaha ayaa leh tirada ugu badan ee takoorka ganacsiga ee diiwaangashan iyo faragelinta xoraynta ganacsiga ee waddan kasta: 7,634 faragelin ganacsi oo takoor ah oo la hirgeliyay November 2008 ilaa horraantii Disembar 2020, ku dhawaad ​​3,300 (43%), iyo 2,715 Ka mid ah ganacsiga, 1,315 (48%) la hirgeliyay faragelinta xoraynta isla muddadaas (Jaantuska 2).Marka la eego xiisadda ganacsi ee sii kordheysa ee u dhaxeysa Shiinaha iyo Mareykanka 2018-19, marka la barbar dhigo wadamada kale, Shiinaha ayaa la kulmay xayiraado ganacsi oo gaar ah, kuwaas oo sii xoogeystay intii lagu jiray xiisadda Covid-19.
Jaantuska 2 Tirada faragelinta siyaasadaha ganacsiga ee wadamada ay saameeyeen laga bilaabo Noofambar 2008 ilaa horraanta Disembar 2020
Fiiro gaar ah: garaafkani waxa uu muujinayaa 5ta wadan ee ugu cadcad.Ka warbixi tirakoobka dib u habeyn lagu sameeyayIsha: "Global Trade Alert", garaafyada waxaa laga soo qaatay goobta falanqaynta warshadaha.
Burburinta silsiladda saadka ee Covid-19 waxay siisay fursad aan horay loo arag oo lagu tijaabinayo adkeysiga silsiladaha qiimaha caalamiga ah.Xogta ku saabsan socodka ganacsiga iyo wax soo saarka wax soo saarka inta lagu jiro masiibada ayaa muujineysa in carqaladeynta silsiladda saadka horraantii 2020 ay ahayd mid ku meel gaar ah (Meyer et al., 2020), iyo silsiladda qiimaha caalamiga ah ee la fidiyay ee hadda isku xirta shirkado iyo dhaqaale badan ayaa u muuqda inay ugu yaraan tahay wax gaar ah. ilaa xad, waxa ay awood u leedahay in ay u adkaysato ganacsiga iyo jahawareerka dhaqaale (Miroudot 2020).
Tusmada wax-soo-saarka weelka RWI.Tusaale ahaan, machadka Leibniz ee cilmi-baarista dhaqaalaha iyo machadka dhaqaalaha maraakiibta iyo saadka (ISL) ayaa sheegay in markii cudurka faafa ee caalamiga ah uu dillaacay, joojinta ba'an ee ganacsiga caalamiga ah ayaa markii hore ku dhacday dekedaha Shiinaha ka dibna ku faafay dekedaha kale ee adduunka (RWI 2020) .Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tusmada RWI/ISL waxay sidoo kale muujisay in dekedaha Shiinaha ay si dhakhso ah u soo kabsadeen, iyagoo ku soo noqday heerarkii hore ee masiibada bishii Maarso 2020, oo ay sii xoojiyeen dib u dhac yar ka dib Abriil 2020 (Jaantuska 3).Tusmadu waxay sii tusinaysaa kororka soo-saarka weelka.Dhammaan dekedaha kale (aan Shiinaha ahayn), inkasta oo soo kabashadani ay bilaabatay mar dambe oo ay ka daciifsan tahay Shiinaha.
Fiiro gaar ah: Tusmada RWI/ISL waxay ku salaysan tahay xogta haynta weel laga soo ururiyay 91 dekedood oo adduunka ah.Dekadahani waxay ka yihiin inta badan maaraynta konteenarada aduunka (60%).Maadaama badeecooyinka ganacsiga caalamiga ah inta badan lagu qaado maraakiibta konteenarada, tusmadaan waxaa loo isticmaali karaa tilmaam hore ee horumarinta ganacsiga caalamiga ah.Tusmada RWI/ISL waxay isticmaashaa 2008 sida sanadka aasaasiga ah, tiradana waa la hagaajiyay.Leibniz Institute of Economics/Machadka dhaqaalaha dhoofinta iyo saadka.Shaxda waxaa laga soo qaatay goobta falanqaynta warshadaha.
Isbeddel la mid ah ayaa lagu arkay wax soo saarka adduunka.Tallaabooyinka xakameynta fayrasyada adag ayaa marka hore ku dhufan kara wax soo saarka Shiinaha, laakiin waddanku wuxuu sidoo kale dib u bilaabay dhaqdhaqaaqyada dhaqaale sida ugu dhakhsaha badan.Ilaa Juunyo 2020, wax soo saarkeeda wax-soo-saarka ayaa dib ugu soo laabtay heerarkii hore ee masiibada waxayna sii waday inay koraan tan iyo markaas (Jaantuska 4).Markii uu faafay Covid-19 caalami ahaan, qiyaastii laba bilood ka dib, wax soo saarka wadamada kale ayaa hoos u dhacay.Dib u soo kabashada dhaqaale ee dalalkan ayaa u muuqata mid aad uga gaabinaysa tan Shiinaha.Laba bilood ka dib markii wax soo saarka Shiinaha uu ku soo noqday heerarkii hore ee masiibada, adduunka intiisa kale ayaa weli dib u dhacaya.
Fiiro gaar ah: Xogtani waxay isticmaashaa 2015 sida sanadka aasaasiga ah, xogtana waa la hagaajiyay.Isha: UNIDO, garaafyada waxaa laga soo qaatay Platform Falanqaynta Warshadaha.
Marka la barbardhigo wadamada kale, Shiinaha ee soo kabashada dhaqaale ee xooggan ayaa aad uga muuqda heerka warshadaha.Shaxda hoose waxay muujinaysaa isbeddelka sannadlaha ah ee wax-soo-saarka shanta warshadood ee Shiinaha ee ugu kobaca badan Sebtembar 2020, kuwaas oo dhammaantood si heersare ah ugu milmay silsiladda qiimaha wax soo saarka ee caalamiga ah (Jaantuska 5).Halka kobaca wax-soo-saarka afar ka mid ah shantan warshadood ee Shiinaha (fog) uu kor u dhaafey 10%, wax-soo-saarka u dhigma ee dhaqaalaha warshadaha ku horumaray ayaa hoos u dhacay in ka badan 5% isla muddadaas.In kasta oo cabbirka kombuyuutarrada wax-soo-saarka, alaabada elektaroonigga ah iyo kuwa indhaha ee waddamada warshadaha leh (iyo adduunka oo dhan) ay bateen Sebtembar 2020, heerka kobacdiisu wali wuu ka daciifsan yahay Shiinaha.
Fiiro gaar ah: Shaxdani waxay muujinaysaa isbeddellada wax soo saarka ee shanta warshadood ee ugu kobcaya Shiinaha Sebtembar 2020. Isha: UNIDO, oo laga soo qaatay jaantuska Platform Falanqaynta Warshadaha.
Soo kabashada degdega ah iyo soo kabashada xoogga leh ee Shiinaha ayaa u muuqata inay muujinayso in shirkadaha Shiinuhu ay aad uga adkeysanayaan jahawareerka caalamiga ah marka loo eego inta badan shirkadaha kale.Dhab ahaantii, silsiladda qiimaha ee shirkadaha Shiinaha ay si qoto dheer ugu lug leeyihiin waxay u muuqataa mid aad u adkeysi badan.Mid ka mid ah sababaha ayaa noqon kara in Shiinuhu uu ku guuleystay inuu si degdeg ah u xakameeyo faafitaanka Covid-19 gudaha.Sababta kale ayaa laga yaabaa inay tahay in waddanku leeyahay silsilado qiimo gobol oo ka badan kuwa dalalka kale.Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, Shiinuhu waxa uu noqday goob maalgashi oo gaar ah oo soo jiidasho leh iyo la-hawlgal ganacsi oo dalalka deriska ah, gaar ahaan Ururka Koonfur-bari Aasiya (ASEAN).Waxa kale oo ay diiradda saartaa samaynta xiriir dhaqaale oo caalami ah gudaha "xaafadeeda" iyada oo loo marayo gorgortanka iyo gunaanadka hindisaha "Belt and Road" iyo Iskaashiga Dhaqaalaha Guud ee Gobolka (RCEP).
Laga soo bilaabo xogta ganacsiga, waxaan si cad u arki karnaa isdhexgalka dhaqaale ee qoto dheer ee u dhexeeya Shiinaha iyo wadamada ASEAN.Marka loo eego xogta UNCTAD, Kooxda ASEAN waxay noqotay ganacsiga ugu weyn ee Shiinaha, oo dhaaftay Maraykanka iyo Midowga Yurub2 (Jaantuska 6).
Fiiro gaar ah: Ganacsiga badeecada waxaa loola jeedaa wadarta badeecadaha la soo dejiyo iyo kuwa la dhoofiyo.Xigasho: UNCTAD, garaafyada waxaa laga soo qaatay "Platform Falanqaynta Warshadaha".
ASEAN waxay noqotay mid sii kordheysa oo muhiim u ah gobolka bartilmaameedka ah ee dhoofinta faafa.Dhamaadka 2019, heerka kobaca sanadlaha wuxuu ka badnaan doonaa 20%.Heerka kobacani aad ayuu uga sarreeyaa badeecadaha Shiinaha u dhoofiyo ASEAN.Suuqyo badan oo kale oo waaweyn oo adduunka ah waxaa ka mid ah Mareykanka, Japan, iyo Midowga Yurub (Jaantuska 7).
In kasta oo Dhoofinta Shiinaha ee ASEAN ay sidoo kale saamaysay tillaabooyinka xakamaynta ee ku xidhan Covid-19.La dhimay ilaa 5% bilawgii sanadka 2020- way ka yar yihiin wax-soo-saarka Shiinaha ee Maraykanka, Japan iyo Midowga Yurub.Markii wax soo saarka Shiinaha ee wax soo saarka uu ka soo kabtay dhibaatadii bishii Maarso 2020, wax soo saarka uu u dhoofiyo ASEAN ayaa kordhay mar kale, isagoo kordhay in ka badan 5% bishii Maarso 2020/Abriil 2020, iyo intii u dhaxaysay Luulyo 2020 iyo 2020. Waxaa jiray koror bishiiba ka badan 10% inta u dhaxaysa Sebtembar
Fiiro gaar ah: Dhoofinta laba geesoodka ah waxaa lagu xisaabiyay qiimaha hadda.Laga bilaabo Sebtembar/Oktoobar 2019 ilaa Sebtembar/Oktoobar 2020, isha isbeddellada sannadlaha ah: Maamulka Guud ee Kastamka Jamhuuriyadda Dadka Shiinaha.Jaantuska waxaa laga soo qaatay goobta falanqaynta warshadaha.
Waxa la filayaa in isbeddelladan gobolaysi ee muuqda ee qaab-dhismeedka ganacsiga Shiinaha uu saamayn ku yeelan doono sidii dib-u-habayn loogu samayn lahaa silsiladda qiimaha caalamiga ah oo ay saamayn ku yeelan doonto shuraakada ganacsi ee soo jireenka ah ee Shiinaha.
Haddii silsiladaha qiimaha caalamiga ah ee takhasuska sare leh iyo kuwa isku xidhan ay aad u kala firdhisan yihiin oo gobolladooda loo qaybiyey, ka waran kharashka gaadiidka - iyo u nuglaanshaha khataraha caalamiga ah iyo khalkhalgelinta silsiladda sahayda?Waa la dhimi karaa (Javorcik 2020).Si kastaba ha ahaatee, silsiladaha qiimaha gobolka ee xooggan ayaa laga yaabaa inay ka hortagaan shirkadaha iyo dhaqaalaha inay si wax ku ool ah u qaybiyaan kheyraadka yar, kordhinta wax soo saarka ama xaqiijinta kartida sare ee takhasuska.Intaa waxaa dheer, ku tiirsanaanta weyn ee meelaha juqraafiga ah ee xaddidan waxay yareyn kartaa tirada shirkadaha wax soo saarka.Dabacsanaantu waxay xaddidaysaa awooddooda inay helaan ilo iyo suuqyo kale marka ay saameeyaan dalal ama gobollo gaar ah (Arriola 2020).
Isbeddelka ku yimi badeecadaha Maraykanku ka keeno Shiinaha ayaa taas caddayn kara.Sababo la xiriira xiisadaha ganacsiga ee Shiinaha iyo Mareykanka, wax soo dejinta Mareykanka ee Shiinaha ayaa hoos u dhacay bilihii ugu horreeyay ee 2020. Si kastaba ha noqotee, dhimista ku tiirsanaanta Shiinaha si ay u taageerto silsilado qiimo badan oo goboleysan kama ilaalin doonto shirkadaha Mareykanka saameynta dhaqaale ee masiibada.Dhab ahaantii, soo dejinta Mareykanka ayaa kor u kacay bilihii Maarso iyo Abriil 2020-gaar ahaan sahayda caafimaadka -?Shiinuhu wuxuu ku dadaalayaa inuu daboolo baahida gudaha (Julaay 2020).
In kasta oo silsiladaha qiimaha adduunku ay muujiyeen adkaysi gaar ah marka loo eego jahawareerka dhaqaale ee caalamiga ah ee hadda jira, ku-meel-gaadhka (laakiin weli balaadhan) carqaladaynta saadka ayaa keentay dalal badan inay dib u eegaan faa'iidooyinka suurtagalka ah ee gobolaynta ama dejinta silsiladaha qiimaha.Horumarradan dhow iyo awoodda sii kordheysa ee dhaqaalaha soo koraya marka loo eego dhaqaalaha horumaray ee arrimaha ganacsiga iyo gorgortanka la xiriira dhaqaalaha soo baxaya ayaa adkeynaya in la saadaaliyo sida ugu wanaagsan ee loo hagaajin karo silsiladda qiimaha caalamiga ah., Dib-u-habayn iyo dib-u-habayn.In kasta oo soo saarista tallaal wax ku ool ah dabayaaqada 2020 iyo horraanta 2021 laga yaabo inay dabciso saamaynta Covid-19 ee dhaqaalaha adduunka, ilaalinta ganacsiga ee sii socota iyo isbeddellada juqraafiyeedka ayaa muujinaya in dunidu aanay u badnayn inay ku soo noqoto xaalad “ganacsi” iyo sidii caadiga ahayd???.Weli waxaa jira waddo dheer oo mustaqbalka ah.
Ogeysiiska tifaftirka: Tiirkan waxaa markii hore la daabacay Diseembar 17, 2020 oo ay samaysay UNIDO Industrial Analysis Platform (IAP), xarun aqooneed dhijitaal ah oo isku daraysa falanqaynta khabiirada, sawirida xogta, iyo ka sheekaynta mawduucyada la xidhiidha horumarinta warshadaha.Aragtida ku xusan tixdan waa ta qoraaga, kamana turjumayso aragtida UNIDO ama ururada kale ee uu qoraagu ka tirsan yahay.
Arriola, C, P Kowalski iyo F van Tongeren (2020), "Helitaanka silsiladda qiimaha ee adduunka ka dambeeya COVID waxay kordhin doontaa khasaaraha dhaqaale waxayna ka dhigi doontaa dhaqaalaha gudaha mid aad u nugul", VoxEU.org, 15 Noofambar.
Evenett, SJ (2020), "Xulashada Shiinaha: COVID-19, Silsiladda Supplying Global iyo Siyaasadda Dadweynaha ee Badeecadaha Aasaasiga ah", Joornaalka Siyaasadda Ganacsiga Caalamiga ah 3:408 429.
Evenett, SJ, iyo J Fritz (2020), "Dhibaatooyinka is-dhaafsiga: Saamaynta xudduudaha ee dhiirrigelinta siyaasadda faafa ee xad-dhaafka ah", VoxEU.org, Noofambar 17.
Javorcik, B (2020), "Adduunka ka dib COVID-19, silsiladaha sahayda adduunku way kala duwanaan doonaan", Baldwin, R iyo S Evenett (eds) COVID-19 iyo siyaasadda ganacsiga: CEPR Press waxay leedahay maxay u leexanaysaa gudaha guul?
Meyer, B, SMÃsle iyo M Windisch (2020), "Casharradii laga soo bilaabo burburkii hore ee silsiladaha qiimaha caalamiga ah", Platform Falanqaynta Warshadaha UNIDO, Meey 2020.
Michel C (2020), "Madax-bannaanida Istiraatiijiyadeed ee Yurub - Hadafka Qarnigeenna" -Khudbadii Madaxweyne Charles Michel ee Bruegel Think Tank Sebtembar 28.
Miroudot, S (2020), "Adkeysi iyo Adkeysi ee silsiladaha Qiimaha Caalamiga ah: Qaar ka mid ah Saamaynta Siyaasadda", ka shaqeynta Baldwin, R iyo SJ Evenett (eds) COVID-19 iyo "Siyaasadda Ganacsiga: Maxaad ugu Guuleysataa Gudaha", CEPR Press.
Qi L (2020), "Waxyaabaha Shiinaha u dhoofiyo Mareykanka waxay kasbadeen nolol-maalmeedka baahida la xiriirta coronavirus", The Wall Street Journal, Oktoobar 9.
Seric, A, HGörg, SM?sle iyo M Windisch (2020), "Maaraynta COVID-19: Sida masiibada u carqaladayso silsiladaha qiimaha caalamiga ah", Platform Falanqaynta Warshadaha UNIDO, Abriil.
1Â Xogta "Global Trade Alert" waxa ay ka kooban tahay faragelin siyaasadeed sida cabbiraadaha tacriifadaha, kabida dhoofinta, tallaabooyinka maalgashiga ganacsiga, iyo xoraynta/tallaabooyinka ilaalinta ganacsiga ee lama filaanka ah ee saameeya ganacsiga shisheeye.


Waqtiga boostada: Jan-07-2021