Indlela yokufunda engajongwanga iyacetywa ukumisela amaphondo ezinto eziphilayo zaselwandle (eco-provinces) ngokusekwe kubume boluntu lweplankton kunye nedatha yokuguquguquka kwezondlo.Indlela ecwangcisiweyo ye-ikholoji yephondo (i-SAGE) inokuchonga amaphondo e-ikholoji kwiimodeli ze-ikholoji ezingahambelani kakhulu.Ukuze ulungelelanise i-covariance engekho ye-Gaussian yedatha, i-SAGE isebenzisa i-t random embedding engummelwane (t-SNE) ukunciphisa ubungakanani.Ngoncedo lwesicelo sengxolo esekwe kwi-algorithm ye-density-based spatial clustering (DBSCAN), ngaphezu kwekhulu lamaphondo eekholoji angachongwa.Kusetyenziswa imephu yoqhagamshelo enomahluko we-ikholoji njengomlinganiselo womgama, i-robust aggregated ecological province (AEP) ichazwa ngokungenamkhethe ngamaphondo endalo ephilayo.Ngokusebenzisa ii-AEPs, ulawulo lwezinga lokubonelela ngezondlo kwisakhiwo soluntu lwaphononongwa.I-Eco-province kunye ne-AEP zizodwa kwaye zinokunceda imodeli yokutolika.Bangaququzelela uthelekiso phakathi kweemodeli kwaye banokuphucula ukuqonda kunye nokubeka iliso kwi-ecosystem yolwandle.
Amaphondo yimimandla apho i-biogeography entsonkothileyo elwandle okanye emhlabeni ilungelelaniswe ngokwemimandla ehambelanayo nenentsingiselo (1).La maphondo abaluleke kakhulu ekuthelekiseni nasekuthelekiseni iindawo, ebonisa iimpawu zokuqwalaselwa, ukubeka iliso kunye nokukhusela.Ukusebenzisana okuyinkimbinkimbi kunye nokungabikho komgca okuvelisa la maphondo kwenza iindlela zokufunda zoomatshini ezingajongwanga (ML) zilungele kakhulu ukumisela amaphondo ngokufanelekileyo, ngenxa yokuba i-covariance kwidatha iyinkimbinkimbi kwaye ayikho i-Gaussian.Apha, kucetywa indlela ye-ML, echonga ngokucwangcisiweyo amaphondo awodwa eekholoji yaselwandle (amaphondo e-eco) ukusuka kwimodeli ye-Darwin global-dimensional three-dimensional (3D) physical/ecosystem model (2).Igama elithi “eyodwa” lisetyenziselwa ukubonisa ukuba indawo echongiweyo ayidibani ngokwaneleyo nezinye iindawo.Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuba yiSystem Integrated Ecological Province (SAGE) indlela.Ukuze wenze ulwahlulo oluluncedo, indlela ye-algorithm idinga ukuvumela (i) ulwahlulo lwehlabathi kunye (ii) nohlalutyo lwemilinganiselo emininzi enokuthi ifakwe / ihlanganiswe kwindawo kunye nexesha (3).Kolu phando, indlela ye-SAGE yacetywa kuqala kwaye amaphondo achongiweyo e-ecology kwaxoxwa ngawo.Amaphondo e-Eco anokukhuthaza ukuqondwa kwezinto ezilawula ubume boluntu, abonelele ngezimvo eziluncedo kubuchule bokubeka iliso, kwaye ancede ukulandelela utshintsho kwi-ikhosistim.
Amaphondo omhlaba adla ngokuhlelwa ngokwesimo sezulu esifanayo (imvula kunye nobushushu), umhlaba, izityalo, kunye nezilwanyana, kwaye zisetyenziselwa ulawulo oluncedisayo, uphando lwezinto eziphilayo, kunye nolawulo lwezifo (1, 4).Amaphondo aselwandle kunzima kakhulu ukuwachaza.Uninzi lwezinto eziphilayo zi-microscopic, kunye nemida yolwelo.Longhurst et al.(5) Ubonelele ngolunye lwemigangatho yokuqala yehlabathi yoMphathiswa we-Oceanography ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zokusingqongileyo.Inkcazo yala maphondo “eLonghurst” iquka izinto eziguquguqukayo ezifana nezinga lokuxutywa, ukucwangciswa kohlulo, kunye ne-irradiance, kunye namava abanzi kaLonghurst njengengcali yolwandle, onezinye iimeko ezibalulekileyo kwindalo yaselwandle.I-Longhurst isetyenziswe ngokubanzi, umzekelo, ukuvavanya imveliso yokuqala kunye ne-carbon fluxes, ukuloba ngoncedo, kunye nokucwangcisa imisebenzi yokujonga kwindawo (5-9).Ukuze kuchazwe amaphondo ngokungqongqo ngakumbi, iindlela ezinje ngengqiqo entsonkothileyo kunye nokuhlanganiswa/ubalo lwengingqi olungajongwanga lusetyenzisiwe (9-14).Injongo yeendlela ezinjalo kukuchonga izakhiwo ezinentsingiselo ezinokuchonga amaphondo kulwazi olukhoyo loqwalaselo.Umzekelo, amaphondo aguquguqukayo olwandle (12) asebenzisa iimephu ezizilungelelanisayo ukunciphisa ingxolo, kwaye asebenzise iqoqo lemigangatho (esekelwe emthini) ukumisela imveliso yemibala yaselwandle evela kwiisathelayithi zengingqi [chlorophyll a (Chl-a), ubude bomgca weFluorescence eqhelekileyo kunye izinto eziphilayo ezinyityilisiweyo ezinemibala] kunye nebala elibonakalayo (iqondo lobushushu phezu kolwandle kunye netyuwa, i-absolute dynamic topography kunye nomkhenkce wolwandle).
Ulwakhiwo loluntu lweplankton luyinkxalabo kuba i-ecology yayo inefuthe elikhulu kumanqanaba aphezulu ezondlo, ukufunxwa kwekhabhoni kunye nemozulu.Nangona kunjalo, kuseyinjongo engumceli mngeni kwaye enzima ukumisela iphondo le-ikholoji yehlabathi ngokusekwe kubume boluntu lweplankton.Iisathelayithi zemibala yaselwandle zinokuthi zibonelele ngengqiqo kwi-coarse-grained classification ye-phytoplankton okanye zicebise iingenelo zamaqela asebenzayo (15), kodwa okwangoku azikwazi ukunika ulwazi oluneenkcukacha malunga nolwakhiwo loluntu.Uphando lwakutsha nje [umz. iTara Ocean (16)] ibonelela ngemilinganiselo engazange ibonwe ngaphambili yobume boluntu;okwangoku, kukho kuphela uqwalaselo oluncinci lwe-in-situ kwinqanaba lehlabathi (17).Izifundo zangaphambili ziye zamisela kakhulu "iPhondo le-Biogeochemical" (i-12, i-14, i-18) ngokusekelwe ekunqumeni ukufana kwezinto eziphilayo (ezifana nemveliso yokuqala, i-Chl kunye nokukhanya okukhoyo).Apha, imodeli yamanani isetyenziselwa imveliso [Darwin(2)], kwaye iphondo le-ecological limiselwa ngokwesakhiwo soluntu kunye nokuguquguquka kwezondlo.Imodeli yamanani esetyenzisiweyo kolu phando inokugubungela ihlabathi kwaye inokuthelekiswa nedatha yendawo ekhoyo (17) kunye nemimandla ekude yokuqonda (Qaphela i-S1).Idatha yemodeli yamanani esetyenziswe kolu phando inenzuzo yokugubungela ihlabathi.Imodeli ye-ecosystem ineentlobo ezingama-35 ze-phytoplankton kunye ne-16 yeentlobo ze-zooplankton (nceda ubhekisele kwimathiriyeli kunye neendlela).Iintlobo zeplankton zemodeli zisebenzisana ngokungaqhelekanga kunye nezakhiwo ze-covariance ze-non-Gaussian, ngoko ke iindlela zokuxilonga ezilula azifanelekanga ukuchonga iipatheni ezizodwa kunye nezihambelanayo kwizakhiwo zoluntu ezivelayo.Indlela ye-SAGE eyaziswa apha ibonelela ngendlela entsha yokujonga imveliso yeemodeli ezintsonkothileyo zaseDarwin.
Amandla oguqulo anamandla enzululwazi yedatha/iteknoloji yeML inokwenza izisombululo zemodeli ezintsonkothileyo ziveze izakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo kodwa ezomeleleyo kwi-covariance yedatha.Indlela eyomeleleyo ichazwa njengendlela enokuthi ivelise ngokuthembekileyo iziphumo ngaphakathi koluhlu olunikiweyo lwempazamo.Nakwiinkqubo ezilula, ukumisela iipateni ezomeleleyo kunye nemiqondiso kunokuba ngumngeni.Kuze kube yilapho ingqiqo ekhokelela kwipatheni ephawulweyo inqunywe, ubunzima obuvelayo bunokubonakala bunzima / kunzima ukusombulula.Inkqubo ephambili yokumisela ukubunjwa kwe-ikhosistim ayinamda ngokwendalo.Ubukho bentsebenziswano engekho mgca bungabhidanisa ulwahlulo olomeleleyo, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukuphepha iindlela ezenza uqikelelo oluqinileyo malunga nokusasazwa kwamanani okusisiseko kwe-covariance yedatha.Idatha ye-high-dimensional and nonlinear data ixhaphake kwi-oceanography kwaye ingaba nesakhiwo se-covariance kunye ne-topology enzima, engeyiyo ye-Gaussian.Nangona idatha ene-non-Gaussian covariance structure inokuthintela ulwahlulo olomeleleyo, indlela ye-SAGE inoveli kuba yenzelwe ukuchonga amaqela ane-topology engafanelekanga.
Injongo yendlela ye-SAGE kukuchonga ngokungekho cala iipateni ezivelayo ezinokuthi zincede ukuqonda ngakumbi kwendalo.Ukulandela i-cluster-based workflows efana ne-(19), i-ecology kunye ne-nutrient flux variables zisetyenziselwa ukumisela i-cluster kuphela kwidatha, ebizwa ngokuba yi-ecological province.Indlela ye-SAGE ecetywayo kolu phononongo (Umzobo 1) kuqala unciphisa i-dimensionality ukusuka kwi-55 ukuya kwi-11 imilinganiselo ngokushwankathela amaqela asebenzayo eplankton achaza i-prioori (jonga i-Materials and Methods).Ukusebenzisa i-t-random yokufakela ummelwane (t-SNE) indlela, ubungakanani buncitshiswa ngakumbi ngokubonisa ukuba nokwenzeka kwisithuba se-3D.Ukuhlanganisana okungajongwanga kunokuchonga iindawo ezisondeleleneyo nendalo [iqela lesithuba esisekwe kwi-Density-based Spatial Clustering (DBSCAN) ukwenzela izicelo ezisekelwe kwingxolo].Zombini i-t-SNE kunye ne-DBSCAN ziyasebenza kwindalo yedatha yemodeli yamanani engeyiyo ye-ecosystem.Emva koko lahla iphondo le-ikholoji elivelayo emhlabeni.Ngaphezulu kwekhulu lamaphondo awodwa endalo ephilayo achongiwe, alungele uphando lwengingqi.Ukuze kuqwalaselwe imodeli ye-ecosystem engaguqukiyo yehlabathi, indlela ye-SAGE isetyenziselwa ukudibanisa amaphondo e-ikholoji ibe ngamaphondo e-ecological aggregated (AEP) ukuphucula ukusebenza kwamaphondo eekholoji.Umgangatho wokudibanisa (obizwa ngokuba "ubunzima") unokulungiswa kwinqanaba leenkcukacha ezifunekayo.Qinisekisa ubuncinci ubunzima be-AEP eyomeleleyo.Ingqwalasela yokhetho yindlela ye-SAGE kunye nokuphonononga amatyala amancinci e-AEP ukumisela ukulawulwa kwesakhiwo soluntu oluphuthumayo.Iipateni ke ngoko zinokucazululwa ukunika ulwazi ngendalo.Indlela eyaziswa apha ingasetyenziselwa ukuthelekisa imodeli ngokubanzi ngakumbi, umzekelo, ngokuvavanya iindawo zamaphondo afanayo eekholoji afunyenwe kwiimodeli ezahlukeneyo ukuqaqambisa iyantlukwano kunye nokufana, ukuze kuthelekiswe imizekelo.
(A) Umzobo weskim sokuhamba komsebenzi wokumisela iphondo le-ikholoji;usebenzisa isamba kwiqela elisebenzayo ukunciphisa idatha yangaphambili ye-55-dimensional kwi-11-dimensional model output, kubandakanywa ne-biomass yeplankton ezisixhenxe ezisebenzayo / zezondlo kunye namazinga amane okubonelela ngezondlo.Ixabiso elingakhathaliyo kunye nendawo yokugquma umkhenkce ehlala ixesha elide.Idatha ibekwe emgangathweni kwaye ibekwe emgangathweni.Ukubonelela ngedatha ye-11-dimensional kwi-algorithm ye-t-SNE ukugqamisa imidibaniso yeempawu ezifanayo ngokwezibalo.I-DBSCAN iya kukhetha ngononophelo iqela ukuseta ixabiso leparameter.Ekugqibeleni projekthi idatha ibuyele kwingqikelelo yesibanzi/ide.Nceda uqaphele ukuba le nkqubo iphindwa ngamaxesha e-10 ngenxa yokuba i-randomness encinci inokuveliswa ngokusebenzisa i-t-SNE.(B) ichaza indlela yokufumana i-AEP ngokuphindaphinda ukuhamba komsebenzi (A) ngamaxesha e-10.Kumiliselo ngalunye kwezi zili-10, i-Bray-Curtis (BC) ye-matrix yokungafani kwephondo iye yamiselwa ngokusekelwe kwi-biomass yeentlobo ze-phytoplankton ezingama-51.Qinisekisa umahluko we-BC phakathi kwamaphondo, ukusuka kwi-complexity 1 AEP ukuya kwi-complexity epheleleyo 115. I-benchmark ye-BC ibekwe yiPhondo laseLonghurst.
Indlela ye-SAGE isebenzisa imveliso ye-3D yehlabathi jikelele ye-3D yomzimba / ye-ecosystem imodeli yamanani ukuchaza iphondo le-ecological [Darwin (2);bona iMathiriyeli kunye neendlela kunye neNqaku S1].Amacandelo e-ecosystem abunjwe ziindidi ezingama-35 ze-phytoplankton kunye ne-16 leentlobo ze-zooplankton, kunye namaqela asixhenxe asebenzayo achazwe kwangaphambili: iiprokaryotes kunye ne-eukaryotes ezilungelelaniswe kwindawo enezondlo ezisezantsi, i-coccidia ene-calcium carbonate coating, kunye ne-nitrogen enzima yokulungisa izondlo zeNitrogen (ezidla ngokubakho. izondlo ezibalulekileyo), ezinesigqubuthelo se-siliceous, zingenza ezinye iiplankton photosynthesis kunye nokutya okuxutyiweyo kwezakha mzimba iflegilates kunye nabelusi bezooplankton.Ubukhulu bexesha yi-0.6 ukuya kwi-2500μm elingana nedayamitha engqukuva.Ukuhanjiswa kwemodeli yobungakanani be-phytoplankton kunye neqela elisebenzayo libamba iimpawu ezipheleleyo ezibonwa kwi-satellite kunye ne-in-situ observations (jonga iMifanekiso S1 ukuya kwi-S3).Ukufana phakathi kwemodeli yamanani kunye nolwandle olujongiweyo lubonisa ukuba amaphondo achazwe ngumfuziselo anokusebenza kulwandle olungaphakathi kwindawo.Nceda uqaphele ukuba le modeli ibamba kuphela iyantlukwano ethile ye-phytoplankton, kwaye kuphela ziintlobo ezithile zokunyanzeliswa komzimba kunye neekhemikhali kwi-in situ ocean.Indlela ye-SAGE inokwenza ukuba abantu baqonde ngcono indlela yokulawula ummandla ophezulu wesakhiwo soluntu somzekelo.
Ngokubandakanya kuphela isixa se-surface biomass (ngexesha eliphakathi kweminyaka engama-20) kwiqela ngalinye elisebenzayo leplankton, ubungakanani bedatha bunokuncitshiswa.Emva kokuba izifundo zangaphambili zibonise indima yazo ephambili ekusekweni kobume boluntu, iphinde ibandakanye imimiselo yomthombo ongaphezulu we-nutrient fluxes (ukunikezelwa kwe-nitrogen, isinyithi, i-phosphate kunye ne-asilicic acid) [umz. (20, 21)].Ukuqukunjelwa kwamaqela asebenzayo kunciphisa ingxaki kwi-55 (i-51 plankton kunye ne-4 i-nutrient fluxes) ukuya kwi-11 imilinganiselo.Kule sifundo sokuqala, ngenxa yeengxaki zokubala ezibekwe yi-algorithm, ubunzulu kunye nokuhluka kwexesha akuzange kuthathelwe ingqalelo.
Indlela ye-SAGE iyakwazi ukuchonga ubudlelwane obubalulekileyo phakathi kweenkqubo ezingabonakaliyo kunye neempawu eziphambili zokusebenzisana phakathi kwe-biomass yeqela elisebenzayo kunye ne-nutrient flux.Ukusebenzisa idatha ye-11-dimensional esekelwe kwiindlela zokufunda ezikude ze-Euclidean (ezifana nee-K-means) azikwazi ukufumana amaphondo athembekileyo kunye nokuveliswa kwakhona (19, 22).Oku kungenxa yokuba akukho milo ye-Gaussian ifunyenwe kwisiseko sokusabalalisa i-covariance yezinto eziphambili ezichaza iphondo le-ecological.I-K-indlela yeeseli zeVoronoi (imigca ethe tye) ayikwazi ukugcina ukusabalalisa okusisiseko kwe-non-Gaussian.
I-biomass yamaqela asixhenxe eplankton asebenzayo kunye neefluxes ezine zezondlo zenza i-11-dimensional vector x.Ngoko ke, x yintsimi yevektha kumzekelo wegridi, apho isiqalelo ngasinye i-xi imele i-11-dimensional vector echazwe kumzekelo wegridi ethe tye.Isalathiso ngasinye sichonga ngokukodwa inqaku legridi kwisphere, apho (lon, lat) = (ϕi, θi).Ukuba i-biomass yeyunithi yegridi yemodeli ingaphantsi kwe-1.2 × 10-3mg Chl / m3 okanye izinga lokugubungela umkhenkce lidlula i-70%, i-log yedatha ye-biomass isetyenziswe kwaye ilahlwe.Idatha iqhelekile kwaye isemgangathweni, ngoko ke yonke idatha ikuluhlu lwe- [0 ukuya ku-1], intsingiselo iyasuswa kwaye ilinganiswe kwiyunithi eyahlukileyo.Oku kwenziwa ukwenzela ukuba iimpawu (i-biomass kunye ne-nutrient flux) azikhawulelwanga ngokungafaniyo kuluhlu lwamaxabiso anokwenzeka.Ukudibanisa kufuneka kubambe ubudlelwane botshintsho ukusuka kumgama onokwenzeka ongundoqo phakathi kweempawu kunomgama wejografi.Ngokulinganisa le migama, iimpawu ezibalulekileyo zivela, ngelixa iinkcukacha ezingeyomfuneko zilahlwa.Ngokwembono ye-ikholoji, oku kuyimfuneko kuba ezinye iintlobo ze-phytoplankton ezine-biomass encinci zinokuba neziphumo ezinkulu ze-biogeochemical, ezifana nokulungiswa kwe-nitrogen yi-diazotrophic bacteria.Xa ukulinganisa kunye nokulinganisa idatha, ezi ntlobo ze-covariates ziya kugxininiswa.
Ngokugxininisa ukusondela kweempawu kwindawo ephezulu-dimensional kwi-low-dimensional representation, i-algorithm ye-t-SNE isetyenziselwa ukwenza imimandla ekhoyo ekhoyo icace.Umsebenzi wangaphambili ojolise ekwakheni ubunzulu bothungelwano lwe-neural kwizicelo zokuvalelwa kude ezisetyenzisiweyo i-t-SNE, ebonakalise isakhono sayo ekwahluleni iimpawu eziphambili (23).Eli linyathelo eliyimfuneko ukuchonga ukudibanisa okuqinileyo kwidatha yesici ngelixa uphepha izisombululo ezingaguqukiyo (qaphela i-S2).Ukusebenzisa i-Gaussian kernels, i-t-SNE igcina iimpawu zeenkcukacha-manani zedatha ngokwenza imephu into nganye enomgangatho ophezulu ukuya kwindawo kwindawo yesigaba se-3D, ngaloo ndlela iqinisekisa ukuba amathuba okuba izinto ezifanayo kwiindlela eziphakamileyo nezisezantsi ziphezulu kwindawo ephezulu. indawo enomlinganiselo (24).Ukunikezelwa kweseti yezinto ezinomgangatho ophezulu we-N x1,…,xN, i-algorithm ye-t-SNE inciphisa ngokunciphisa i-Kullback-Leibler (KL) iyantlukwano (25).I-KL iyantlukwano ngumlinganiselo wendlela eyahlukileyo unikezelo lokwenzeka olusuka kwireferensi yesibini yonikezelo lokwenzeka, kwaye inokuvavanya ngokufanelekileyo ukwenzeka kolungelelwaniso phakathi kokumelwa okusezantsi kweempawu ezinomgangatho ophezulu.Ukuba i-xi yinto ye-i-th kwisithuba esingu-N-dimensional, xj yinto ka-j-th kwisithuba se-N-dimensional, yi-i-th-into ye-i-th kwindawo ene-dimensional ephantsi, kwaye u-yj yinto ka-j-th ephantsi. -isithuba se-dimensional, emva koko i-t -SNE ichaza ukufana okunokwenzeka ppj∣i = exp(-∥xi-xj∥2/2σi2)∑k≠iexp(-∥xi-xk∥2/2σi2), kunye neseti yokunciphisa i-dimensionality q∣j = (1+ ∥ yi-yj∥2)-1∑k≠i(1 +∥yj-yk∥2)-1
Umzobo we-2A ubonisa umphumo wokunciphisa i-biomass kunye ne-nutrient flux vectors ye-11-dimensional indibaniselwano kwi-3D.Ukukhuthaza ukusebenzisa i-t-SNE kunokufaniswa nokukhuthazwa kohlalutyo lwecandelo eliphambili (PCA), esebenzisa i-variance attribute ukuze kugxininise indawo / impawu yedatha, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa i-dimensionality.Indlela ye-t-SNE ifunyenwe iphezulu kwi-PCA ekuboneleleni ngeziphumo ezithembekileyo kunye neziphinda zenziwe kwakhona kwi-Eco-Ministry (jonga iNqaku le-S2).Oku kungenxa yokuba ukucinga nge-orthogonality ye-PCA ayifanelekanga ukuchonga ukusebenzisana okubalulekileyo phakathi kweempawu ezihambelanayo ezingenakulinganiswa, kuba i-PCA igxile kwizakhiwo ze-covariance zomgca (26).Ukusebenzisa idatha yoluvo olukude, uLunga et al.(27) ibonisa indlela yokusebenzisa indlela ye-SNE ukugqamisa iimpawu eziyinkimbinkimbi kunye nezingahambelaniyo ze-spectral eziphambukayo kwi-Gaussian distribution.
(A) Ireyithi yokubonelela ngezondlo engumzekelo, i-phytoplankton kunye ne-zooplankton functional group biomass ezotywe yi-algorithm ye-t-SNE kwaye yafakwa imibala ngephondo kusetyenziswa i-DBSCAN.Inqaku ngalinye limele inqaku kwindawo ephezulu, njengoko kuboniswe kuMzobo 6B, amanqaku amaninzi ayabanjwa.Iishafti zibhekisa ku-“t-SNE” ubukhulu 1, 2 no-3. (B) Ingqikelelo yejografi yephondo efunyenwe yi-DBSCAN kwigridi yobude bobude bemvelaphi.Umbala kufuneka uthathwe njengawo nawuphi na umbala, kodwa kufuneka uhambelane no (A).
Amanqaku kwi-t-SNE yeploti yokuchithachitha kuMfanekiso 2A anxulunyaniswa ngokulandelelana kunye nobude kunye nobude.Ukuba amanqaku amabini kuMfanekiso 2A asondelelene, kungenxa yokuba i-biomass kunye ne-nutrient fluxes ziyafana, kungekhona ngenxa yokusondelana kwendawo.Imibala ekuMfanekiso 2A ngamaqela afunyenwe kusetyenziswa indlela ye-DBSCAN (28).Xa ukhangela ukuqwalaselwa okuxineneyo, i-algorithm ye-DBSCAN isebenzisa umgama kwi-3D ukumelwa phakathi kwamanqaku (ϵ = 0.39; ngolwazi malunga nolu khetho, jonga i-Materials and Methods), kunye nenani lamanqaku afanayo afunekayo ukuchaza iqoqo (apha Amanqaku ali-100, nceda ubone ngasentla).Indlela ye-DBSCAN ayenzi ngqikelelo malunga nokumila okanye inani lamaqela kwidatha, njengoko kubonisiwe ngezantsi:
3) Kuzo zonke iindawo ezichongiweyo njengoko kumgama ongaphakathi, phinda inyathelo lesi-2 ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukumisela umda weqela.Ukuba inani lamanqaku likhulu kunexabiso elisezantsi elibekiweyo, lichongwa njengeqela.
Idatha engadibanisi nelungu leqela elisezantsi kunye nomgama ϵ metric ithathwa ngokuba "ingxolo" kwaye ayibelwanga umbala.I-DBSCAN yi-algorithm ekhawulezayo kunye ne-scalable ene-O (n2) yokusebenza kwimeko embi kakhulu.Kuhlahlelo lwangoku, alunakwenzeka nje.Inani elincinci lamanqaku lichongwa luvavanyo lweengcali.Emva kokulungelelanisa umgama emva koko, umphumo awuzinzile ngokwaneleyo kuluhlu lwe-≈±10.Lo mgama umiselwe ngokusebenzisa uqhagamshelo (Figure 6A) kunye nepesenti yokugubungela ulwandle (Figure 6B).Uqhagamshelwano luchazwa njengenani elihlanganisiweyo lamaqela kwaye lunovakalelo kwipharamitha ye-ϵ.Uqhagamshelo olusezantsi lubonisa ukungonelanga, ukuhlanganisa imimandla kunye.Uqhagamshelo oluphezulu lubonisa ukugqithisa.Kucingelwa ukusebenzisa ubuncinci obuphezulu, kodwa ukuba ubuncinci budlula i-ca, akunakwenzeka ukufezekisa isisombululo esithembekileyo.135 (Ukufumana iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe, jonga iiMathiriyeli kunye neeNdlela).
Amaqela ali-115 achongiwe kuMfanekiso 2A aqikelelwa emva emhlabeni kuMfanekiso 2B.Umbala ngamnye uhambelana nendibaniselwano ehambelanayo ye-biogeochemical kunye nezinto eziphilayo ezichongwe yi-DBSCAN.Nje ukuba amaqela amiselwe, ukudityaniswa kwendawo nganye kuMzobo 2A kunye nobude obuthile kunye nobude busetyenziselwa iprojekti yamaqela emva kommandla wejografi.Umzobo 2B ubonisa oku ngemibala yeqela elifanayo njengoMzobo 2A.Imibala efanayo ayifanelanga ukutolikwa njengokufana kwezinto eziphilayo, kuba yabelwe ngokolandelelwano apho amaqela afunyanwa khona nge-algorithm.
Ummandla okwiSazobe 2B unokufana ngokomgangatho nommandla osekiweyo kwindawo ebonakalayo kunye/okanye kwi-biogeochemistry yolwandle.Ngokomzekelo, amaqoqo kuLwandle oluMazantsi ano-zone-symmetrical, kunye ne-oligotrophic vortices ebonakala, kwaye inguqu ebukhali ibonisa impembelelo yomoya worhwebo.Ngokomzekelo, kwi-equatorial Pacific, imimandla eyahlukeneyo enxulumene nokunyuka ibonakala.
Ukuze kuqondwe imo engqongileyo ye-ecology ye-Eco-Province, ukwahluka kwe-Bray-Curtis (BC) umahluko index (29) yasetyenziselwa ukuvavanya i-ecology kwiqela.Isalathisi se-BC yidatha yeenkcukacha-manani esetyenziselwa ukulinganisa umahluko kwisakhiwo soluntu phakathi kweendawo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo.Umlinganiselo we-BC usetyenziswa kwi-biomass yeentlobo ezingama-51 ze-phytoplankton kunye ne-zooplankton BCninj = 1-2CninjSni + Snj
I-BCninj ibhekisa kukufana phakathi kwendibaniselwano ni kunye nendibaniselwano ye-nj, apho i-Cninj ilixabiso eliphantsi lohlobo olunye lwe-biomass ekhoyo kuzo zombini iindibaniselwano i-ni kunye ne-nj, kwaye i-Sni imele isimbuku sazo zonke ii-biomass ezikhoyo kuzo zombini iindibaniselwano ni kunye ne-Snj.Umahluko we-BC uyafana nomlinganiselo womgama, kodwa usebenza kwindawo engeyo-Euclidean, enokuthi ifaneleke ngakumbi kwidatha ye-ikholoji kunye nokutolikwa kwayo.
Kwiqela ngalinye elichongiweyo kuMfanekiso 2B, ukufana kwe-BC yangaphakathi kwephondo naphakathi kwamaphondo kunokuhlolwa.Umahluko we-BC phakathi kwephondo ubhekiselele kumahluko phakathi kwe-avareji yexabiso lephondo nendawo nganye kwiphondo.Umahluko phakathi kwamaphondo e-BC ubhekiselele kukufana phakathi kwephondo elinye namanye amaphondo.Umzobo 3A ubonisa i-symmetric BC matrix (0, emnyama: ehambelana ngokupheleleyo; 1, emhlophe: ayifani ngokupheleleyo).Umgca ngamnye kwigrafu ubonisa ipateni kwidatha.Umzobo 3B ubonisa ukubaluleka kwejografi yeziphumo zeBC kuMfanekiso 3A wephondo ngalinye.Kwiphondo kwindawo enesondlo esincinci kunye nesondlo esincinci, i-Figure 3B ibonisa ukuba i-symmetry yeendawo ezinkulu ezijikeleze i-equator kunye ne-Indian Ocean zifana ngokusisiseko, kodwa iindawo eziphakamileyo kunye neendawo eziphakamileyo zihluke kakhulu.
(A) Iqondo lomahluko we-BC ovavanyiweyo kwiphondo ngalinye ngokusekwe kumndilili wehlabathi weminyaka engama-20 womndilili womphezulu wehlabathi wama-51 eeplankton.Qaphela i-symmetry elindelekileyo yamaxabiso.(B) Uqikelelo lwesithuba soluhlu (okanye umqolo).Kwiphondo elikwisangqa se-dystrophic, ukuhanjiswa kwehlabathi jikelele komlinganiselo wokufana we-BC wavavanywa, kwaye umyinge wehlabathi weminyaka engama-20 wavavanywa.Umnyama (BC = 0) uthetha indawo enye, kwaye umhlophe (BC = 1) uthetha ukuba akukho kufana.
Umfanekiso 4A ubonisa umahluko kuBC kwiphondo ngalinye kuMfanekiso 2B.Ukumiselwa ngokusebenzisa umndilili wokudibanisa indawo ephakathi kwiqela, kunye nokumisela ukungafani phakathi kwe-BC kunye nentsingiselo yendawo nganye yegridi kwiphondo, ibonisa ukuba indlela ye-SAGE inokwahlula kakuhle iindidi ezingama-51 ngokusekwe kukufaniswa kwendalo. idatha yemodeli.Umndilili oqhelekileyo wokungafani kweqela le-BC kuzo zonke iindidi ezingama-51 yi-0.102±0.0049.
(A, B, kunye no-D) Umahluko we-BC phakathi kwephondo uvavanywa njengomndilili we-BC umahluko phakathi kwendawo nganye yegridi yoluntu kunye nomndilili wephondo, kwaye ubunzima abuncitshiswa.(2) Umyinge wehlabathi jikelele umahluko phakathi kwephondo le-BC ngu-0.227±0.117.Olu luphawu lolwahlulo olusekelwe kwinkuthazo yendalo ecetywayo ngulo msebenzi [umgca oluhlaza kwi-(C)].(C) I-avareji ye-BC umahluko phakathi kwephondo: Umgca omnyama umele umahluko we-BC phakathi kwephondo kunye nobunzima obandayo.I-2σ ivela kwi-10 ukuphindaphinda kwenkqubo yokuchongwa kwe-eco-province.Kubunzima obupheleleyo bamaphondo afunyenwe yi-DBSCAN, (A) ibonisa ukuba ukungafani kwe-BC kwiphondo ngu-0.099, kunye nokuhlelwa kobunzima obucetywayo ngu-(C) ngu-12, okubangela ukungafani kwe-BC kwe-0.200 kwiphondo.njengoko umfanekiso ubonisa.(D).
Kwi-Figure 4B, i-biomass yeentlobo ze-51 zeplankton zisetyenziselwa ukumela umahluko olinganayo we-BC kwiphondo laseLonghurst.I-avareji iyonke yephondo ngalinye ngu-0.227, kwaye ukutenxa okusemgangathweni kwamanqaku egridi ngokubhekisele kumahluko kwiphondo le-BC ngu-0.046.Oku kukhulu kuneqela elichongwe kuMfanekiso 1B.Endaweni yoko, usebenzisa isixa samaqela asixhenxe asebenzayo, i-avareji ye-inter-season BC dissimilarity e-Longhurst inyuke ukuya kwi-0.232.
Imephu yehlabathi jikelele ye-eco-province ibonelela ngeenkcukacha ezintsonkothileyo zonxibelelwano olulodwa lwendalo kunye nophuculo lwenziwe ekusebenziseni yonke i-ecosystem structure yePhondo laseLonghurst.UMphathiswa we-Ecology kulindeleke ukuba abonelele ngenkqubo yokulawula imodeli ye-ecosystem yamanani, kwaye oku kuqonda kuya kunceda ukuphononongwa komsebenzi wasendle.Ngenjongo yolu phando, akunakwenzeka ukubonisa ngokupheleleyo amaphondo angaphezu kwekhulu.Icandelo elilandelayo lazisa indlela ye-SAGE eshwankathela amaphondo.
Enye yeenjongo zephondo kukukhuthaza ukuqonda indawo nolawulo lwephondo.Ukumisela iimeko zonxunguphalo, indlela ekuMzobo 1B ibonisa ukufukama kwamaphondo afana nendalo.Amaphondo e-eco-adityaniswe ndawonye ngokusekwe kukufaniswa kwendalo, kwaye ukwahlulwa kwamaphondo okunjalo kubizwa ngokuba yi-AEP.Seta “ubunzima” obulungelelanisiweyo ngokusekelwe kwinani lilonke lamaphondo ayakuqwalaselwa.Igama elithi "complexity" lisetyenziswa kuba livumela umgangatho weempawu ezingxamisekileyo ukuba zilungiswe.Ukuze kucaciswe udibaniso olunentsingiselo, umahluko phakathi kwephondo kwi-BC we-0.227 ukusuka eLonghurst usetyenziswa njengebhentshimakhi.Ngezantsi kolu phawu, amaphondo adityanisiweyo awasajongwa njengoncedo.
Njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 3B, amaphondo eekholoji ehlabathi ayahambelana.Ukusebenzisa umahluko phakathi kwamaphondo e-BC, kunokubonwa ukuba ezinye izilungiso "zixhaphake" kakhulu.Iphefumlelwe yi-genetics kunye neendlela ze-graph theory, "iigrafu ezidibeneyo" zisetyenziselwa ukuhlela> amaphondo angama-100 ngokusekelwe kumaphondo afana nawo.Umetriki “woqhagamshelo” apha umiselwa kusetyenziswa ukwahluka kwe-BC phakathi kwamaphondo (30).Inani lamaphondo anesithuba esikhulu sokuhlelwa kwamaphondo angaphezu kwe-100 kunokubhekiswa kuwo njengokuntsonkotha.I-AEP yimveliso ehlela ngaphezu kwamaphondo ali-100 njengawona alawulayo/akufutshane namaphondo e-ikholoji.Iphondo ngalinye le-ikholoji labelwe elona phondo likhulu/eliqhagamshelwe kakhulu leekholoji elifana kakhulu nabo.Olu hlanganiso lugqitywe ngumahluko we-BC luvumela indlela enendlwane kwi-ecology yehlabathi.
Ubunzima obukhethiweyo bunokuba naliphi na ixabiso ukusuka kwi-1 ukuya kubunzima obupheleleyo be-FIG.2A.Kubunzima obusezantsi, i-AEP inokuwohloka ngenxa yenyathelo lokunciphisa ubungakanani obunokwenzeka (t-SNE).Ukuwohloka kuthetha ukuba amaphondo eekholoji anokwabelwa kwii-AEPs ezahlukeneyo phakathi kophindaphindo, ngaloo ndlela kutshintshe indawo egqunyiweyo.Umzobo 4C ubonisa ukusasazeka kweeyantlukwano ze-BC ngaphakathi kwamaphondo kwii-AEP zobunzima obukhulayo kuzo zonke ii-10 zomiliselo (umfanekiso kuMfanekiso 1B).Kwi-Figure 4C, i-2σ (indawo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) ngumlinganiselo wokuthotywa kwe-10 ukuphunyezwa, kwaye umgca oluhlaza ubonisa i-Longhurst benchmark.Inyaniso ibonise ukuba ubunzima be-12 bunokugcina umahluko we-BC kwiphondo elingaphantsi kwe-Longhurst benchmark kuzo zonke ukuphunyezwa kunye nokugcina ukuthotywa okuncinci kwe-2σ.Isishwankathelo, ubunzima obuncinci obucetyiswayo yi-12 AEPs, kunye ne-avareji ye-BC ye-intra-provincial ye-BC evandlakanyiweyo kusetyenziswa iintlobo ze-51 zeplankton yi-0.198±0.013, njengoko kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 4D.Ukusebenzisa isixa samaqela asixhenxe asebenzayo eplankton, umndilili we-BC umahluko phakathi kwephondo yi-2σ endaweni ye-0.198±0.004.Ukuthelekiswa phakathi kwe-BC umahluko obalwa kunye ne-biomass iyonke yamaqela asebenzayo asixhenxe okanye i-biomass yazo zonke iintlobo ze-51 zeplankton zibonisa ukuba nangona indlela ye-SAGE isetyenziswa kwimeko ye-51-dimensional, i-biomass iyonke yamaqela asixhenxe asebenzayo. Kuqeqesho.
Ngokuxhomekeke kwinjongo yalo naluphi na uphando, amanqanaba ahlukeneyo obunzima anokuqwalaselwa.Izifundo zengingqi zinokufuna ubunzima obupheleleyo (oko kukuthi, onke amaphondo ali-115).Njengomzekelo kunye nokucaca, qwalasela ubuncinane obucetywayo obuntsokothileyo be-12.
Njengomzekelo wokusetyenziswa kwendlela ye-SAGE, ii-AEP ezili-12 ezinobunzima obuncinci be-12 zisetyenziselwa apha ukuhlola ukulawulwa kwesakhiwo soluntu oluphuthumayo.Umzobo wesi-5 ubonisa ulwazi lwendalo oluqokelelwe yi-AEP (ukusuka ku-A ukuya ku-L): Kwi-Redfield stoichiometry, ubukhulu bejografi (Umfanekiso 5C), ukwakheka kwe-biomass yeqela elisebenzayo (Umfanekiso 5A) kunye nonikezelo lwezondlo (Umfanekiso 5B) zenziwa ngu-N Zoomed.Umlinganiselo (N:Si:P:Fe, 1:1:16:16×103) uyaboniswa.Kwiphaneli yokugqibela, i-P iphindwe ngo-16 kunye ne-Fe iphindwe ngo-16 × 103, ngoko igrafu yebar ilingana neemfuno zesondlo se-phytoplankton.
Amaphondo ahlelwe ngokwe-12 AEPs A ukuya ku L. (A) Biomass (mgC/m3) ye-ecosystems kumaphondo ali-12.(B) Umlinganiselo wezondlo ezinyibilikayo zenitrogen (N), i-iron (Fe), iphosphate (P) kunye ne-silicic acid (Si) (mmol/m3 ngonyaka).I-Fe kunye ne-P zanda nge-16 kunye ne-16 × 103, ngokulandelanayo, ukwenzela ukuba imicu ilungelelaniswe kwiimfuno ze-phytoplankton stoichiometry.CIzikhululo zokubeka esweni ziphawulwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: 1, SEATS;2, ALOHA;3, isitishi P;kunye 4, BATS.
I-AEP echongiweyo yodwa.Kukho i-symmetry ethile ejikeleze i-ikhweyitha kuLwandlekazi lweAtlantiki nolwePasifiki, kwaye indawo efanayo kodwa eyandisiweyo ikhona kuLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya.Ezinye ii-AEPs zamkela icala lasentshona lelizwekazi elinxulumene nokunyuka.I-South Pole Circumpolar Current ithathwa njengophawu olukhulu lwezonal.I-cyclone ye-subtropical luchungechunge olunzima lwe-oligotrophic AEP.Kula maphondo, ipateni eqhelekileyo yeyantlukwano yebhayomass phakathi kwe-oligotrophic vortices elawulwa yiplankton kunye nemimandla yencam etyebileyo yediatom iyabonakala.
Ii-AEPs ezinephytoplankton biomass efana kakhulu zinokuba neziseko zoluntu ezahlukeneyo kwaye zigqume imimandla eyahlukeneyo yejografi, efana ne-D, H, kunye ne-K, ene-phytoplankton biomass efanayo.I-AEP H ifumaneka ikakhulu kwi-ikhweyitha yoLwandlekazi i-Indian, kwaye kukho iibhaktiriya ezininzi ze-diazotrophic.I-AEP D ifumaneka kwizitya ezininzi, kodwa igqame kakhulu kwiPasifiki engqonge iindawo ezinesivuno esikhulu esijikeleze i-ikhweyitha.Ubume beli phondo lePasifiki bukhumbuza uloliwe wamaza weplanethi.Kukho iidiazobacteria ezimbalwa kwi-AEP D, kunye neecones ezininzi.Xa kuthelekiswa namanye amaphondo amabini, i-AEP K ifumaneka kuphela kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ze-Arctic Ocean, kwaye kukho iidiatom ezininzi kunye neeplankton ezimbalwa.Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba inani leplankton kule mimandla mithathu lihluke kakhulu.Phakathi kwazo, ubuninzi beplankton ye-AEP K buphantsi, ngelixa i-AEP D kunye ne-H iphezulu.Ke ngoko, ngaphandle kwe-biomass (kwaye ke ngoko efana ne-Chl-a), la maphondo ahluke kakhulu: Uvavanyo lwephondo olusekwe kwiChl lusenokungazibambi ezi mahluko.
Kukwacacile ukuba ezinye ii-AEPs ezine-biomass ezahlukileyo kakhulu zinokufana ngokwenkqubo ye-phytoplankton yoluntu.Ngokomzekelo, oku kubonakala kwi-AEP D kunye ne-E. Basondelene omnye nomnye, kwaye kwi-Pacific Ocean, i-AEP E isondele kwi-AEPJ evelisa kakhulu.Ngokufanayo, akukho khonkco lucacileyo phakathi kwephytoplankton biomass kunye nobuninzi bezooplankton.
I-AEP inokuqondwa ngokwezondlo ezinikwa bona (Umfanekiso 5B).Iidiatom zikhona kuphela apho kukho unikezelo olwaneleyo lweasidi yesilisi.Ngokubanzi, okukhona kuphezulu unikezelo lweasidi yesilicic, kokukhona iphezulu i-biomass ye-diatom.I-Diatoms inokubonwa kwi-AEP A, J, K kunye ne-L. Umlinganiselo we-diatom biomass ngokunxulumene nenye i-phytoplankton igqitywe yi-N, P kunye ne-Fe enikeziweyo ngokumalunga nemfuno ye-diatom.Umzekelo, iAEP L ilawulwa ziidiatom.Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izondlo, iSi inesona sinikezelo siphezulu.Ngokwahlukileyo, nangona imveliso ephezulu, i-AEP J ine-diatom ezimbalwa kunye nokubonelela nge-silicon engaphantsi (konke kunye nokuhambelana nezinye izondlo).
Iibhaktheriya ze-Diazonium ziyakwazi ukulungisa i-nitrogen, kodwa zikhula ngokucothayo (31).Zihlala kunye nezinye i-phytoplankton, apho isinyithi kunye ne-phosphorus zigqithise ngokugqithisileyo ngokumalunga nemfuno yezondlo ezingenayo i-diazonium (20, 21).Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba i-diazotrophic biomass iphezulu, kwaye ukunikezelwa kwe-Fe kunye ne-P kukhulu ngokumalunga nokunikezelwa kwe-N. Ngale ndlela, nangona i-biomass iyonke kwi-AEP J iphezulu, i-diazonium biomass kwi-AEP H inkulu kunaleyo iku-J. Nceda uqaphele ukuba i-AEP J kunye ne-H zahluke kakhulu ngokwejografi, kwaye i-H ikwi-ikhweyitha yoLwandlekazi i-Indian.
Ukuba ulwakhiwo olulodwa lwe-ikhosistim alwahlulwe ngokwamaphondo, iimbono ezifunyenwe kwiimodeli ezili-12 ze-AEP ezintsonkothileyo aziyi kucaca kangako.I-AEP eveliswa yi-SAGE iququzelela uthelekiso oluhambelanayo kunye nolunye ngaxeshanye lolwazi oluntsonkothileyo noluphezulu oluvela kwiimodeli ze-ecosystem.I-AEP igxininisa ngokufanelekileyo ukuba kutheni i-Chl ingeyondlela ilungileyo nenye yokumisela ubume boluntu okanye ubuninzi bezooplankton kumanqanaba aphezulu ezondlo.Uhlalutyo olunzulu lwezihloko zophando oluqhubekayo lungaphaya kobubanzi beli nqaku.Indlela ye-SAGE inika indlela yokuphonononga ezinye iindlela kwimodeli ekulula ukuyiphatha kunokuba i-point-to-point viewing.
Indlela ye-SAGE icetywayo ukunceda ukucacisa idatha entsonkothileyo ye-ikholoji evela kwimifuziselo yamanani yehlabathi jikelele/yebiogeochemical/ecosystem amanani.Iphondo le-ecological limiselwa yi-biomass iyonke yamaqela asebenzayo e-cross-plankton, ukusetyenziswa kwe-t-SNE ye-probability dimensionality algorithm yokunciphisa kunye ne-clustering usebenzisa indlela ye-ML engagadwanga i-DBSCAN.Umahluko phakathi kwamaphondo we-BC/ithiyori yegrafu yendlela yokuzalela isetyenziswa ekufumaneni i-AEP eyomeleleyo enokusetyenziselwa ukutolika kwihlabathi jikelele.Ngokolwakhiwo, i-Eco-Province kunye ne-AEP zizodwa.Indlwane ye-AEP inokulungelelaniswa phakathi kokuntsokotha okupheleleyo kwephondo lokuqala leekholoji kunye nomda ocetyiswayo osezantsi we-12 AEPs.Ukufukama kunye nokumisela ubuncinci be-AEP kuthathwa njengamanyathelo aphambili, kuba amathuba okuba i-t-SNE ithobe ii-AEP ze-<12 eziyinkimbinkimbi.Indlela ye-SAGE yeyomhlaba wonke, kwaye ubunzima bayo buvela> 100 AEPs ukuya kwi-12. Ukuze kube lula, ugxininiso lwangoku luxakeke kwii-AEP ze-12 zehlabathi.Uphando lwexesha elizayo, ngakumbi izifundo zengingqi, lunokufumana iseti encinci yendawo yamaphondo endalo engqongileyo iluncedo, kwaye inokudityaniswa kwindawo encinci ukuthatha ithuba lokuqonda okufanayo ngendalo kuxoxwe ngayo apha.Ibonelela ngeengcebiso malunga nokuba la maphondo eekholoji kunye neembono ezifunyenwe kuwo zingasetyenziselwa ukuqonda ngakumbi ngendalo, ukuququzelela uthelekiso oluyimodeli, kunye nokuphucula ukubeka iliso kwi-ikhosistim yolwandle.
Iphondo le-ikholoji kunye ne-AEP echongwe ngendlela ye-SAGE isekelwe kwidatha ekwimodeli yamanani.Ngenkcazo, imodeli yamanani yisakhiwo esenziwe lula, ezama ukubamba ingundoqo yenkqubo ekujoliswe kuyo, kwaye iimodeli ezahlukeneyo ziya kuba nokusabalalisa okuhlukeneyo kweplankton.Imodeli yamanani esetyenziswe kolu phononongo ayinakubamba ngokupheleleyo ezinye iipateni eziqatshelweyo (umzekelo, kuqikelelo lweChl kummandla we-ikhweyitha kunye noLwandlekazi oluMazantsi).Kuphela inxalenye encinci yeyantlukwano kulwandle lokwenyani iyabanjwa, kwaye i-meso kunye ne-sub-mesoscales ayinakusombululeka, enokuthi ichaphazele ukuguquguquka kwezondlo kunye nesakhiwo soluntu esincinci.Ngaphandle kwezi ntsilelo, kuvela ukuba i-AEP iluncedo kakhulu ekuncedeni ukuqonda iimodeli ezinzima.Ngokuphonononga apho kufumaneka khona amaphondo afanayo e-ikholoji, i-AEP ibonelela ngesixhobo esinokubakho semodeli yokuthelekisa amanani.Imodeli yamanani yangoku ithatha iphethini epheleleyo ye-remote sensing phytoplankton Chl-a yoxinaniso kunye nokusabalalisa ubukhulu beplankton kunye neqela elisebenzayo (Qaphela i-S1 kunye ne-Figure S1) (2, 32).
Njengoko kuboniswe ngumgca we-contour ye-0.1 mgChl-a / m-3, i-AEP ihlulwe kwindawo ye-oligotrophic kunye ne-mesotrophic indawo (Umfanekiso S1B): i-AEP B, C, D, E, F kunye ne-G ziindawo ze-oligotrophic, kunye neendawo eziseleyo. ibekwe Phezulu Chl-a.I-AEP ibonisa enye imbalelwano kunye nePhondo laseLonghurst (Umfanekiso S3A), umzekelo, uLwandle oluMazantsi kunye ne-equatorial Pacific.Kweminye imimandla, i-AEP igubungela imimandla emininzi yaseLonghurst, kwaye ngokuphambeneyo.Njengoko injongo yokucanda imida yamaphondo kulo mmandla naseLonghurst yahlukile, kulindeleke ukuba kubekho iyantlukwano.Ii-AEP ezininzi kwiphondo laseLonghurst zibonisa ukuba iindawo ezithile ezine-biogeochemistry efanayo zinokuba nolwakhiwo olwahluke kakhulu lwe-ecosystem.I-AEP ibonisa imbalelwano ethile neendawo eziphathekayo, njengoko kutyhilwe kusetyenziswa ukufunda okungajongwanga (19), njengakwiindawo eziphakamileyo (umzekelo, uLwandle oluMazantsi kunye ne-equatorial Pacific; Figure S3, C and D).Ezi mbalelwano zibonisa ukuba ulwakhiwo loluntu lweplankton luphenjelelwa ngamandla ziintshukumo zolwandle.Kwiindawo ezinje ngeNorth Atlantic, iAEP inqumla amaphondo abonakalayo.Indlela ebangela le yantlukwano inokubandakanya iinkqubo ezifana nokuthuthwa kothuli, ezinokuthi zikhokelele kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zesondlo naphantsi kweemeko ezifanayo zomzimba.
I-Ofisi yoMphathiswa we-Ecology kunye ne-AEP yachaza ukuba ukusebenzisa i-Chl iyodwa akukwazi ukuchonga amacandelo e-ikholoji, njengoko uluntu lwe-ecology yaselwandle sele lubonile.Oku kubonwa kwii-AEPs ezine-biomass ezifanayo kodwa zahluke kakhulu kukwakheka kwendalo (ezifana no-D kunye no-E).Ngokwahlukileyo, ii-AEP ezifana no-D kunye no-K zine-biomass eyahluke kakhulu kodwa i-ecology efanayo.I-AEP igxininisa ukuba ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-biomass, ukwakheka kwe-ecology kunye nobuninzi be-zooplankton bunzima.Umzekelo, nangona i-AEP J ibalasele ngokwe phytoplankton kunye ne plankton biomass, AEP's A kunye ne L zineplankton biomass ezifanayo, kodwa uA unobuninzi beplankton obuphezulu.I-AEP igxininisa ukuba i-phytoplankton biomass (okanye i-Chl) ayinakusetyenziswa ukuqikelela i-zooplankton biomass.IZooplankton sisiseko sekhonkco lokutya lokuloba, kwaye uqikelelo oluchane ngakumbi lunokukhokelela kulawulo olungcono lobutyebi.Iisathelayithi zemibala yaselwandle zexesha elizayo [umzekelo, i-PACE (iplankton, i-aerosol, ifu, kunye ne-ecosystem yaselwandle)] inokuba kwindawo engcono ukunceda ukuqikelela ubume boluntu lwe-phytoplankton.Ukusebenzisa uqikelelo lwe-AEP kunokubanakho ukuququzelela uqikelelo lwezooplankton ukusuka emajukujukwini.Iindlela ezifana ne-SAGE, ezidityaniswe nobuchwepheshe obutsha, kunye nedatha ethe kratya efumanekayo yophando lweenyaniso ezisisiseko (ezifana neTara kunye nophando olulandelelweyo), zinokuthatha inyathelo ngokudibeneyo ekujongweni kwempilo ye-ecosystem esekelwe kwisathelayithi.
Indlela ye-SAGE inikezela ngendlela efanelekileyo yokuvavanya ezinye iindlela ezilawula iimpawu zephondo, ezifana ne-biomass / Chl, imveliso yokuqala yenetha, kunye nesakhiwo soluntu.Ngokomzekelo, isixa esilinganiselweyo se-diatoms sibekwe ngokungalingani ekuboneleleni kweSi, N, P, kunye ne-Fe ngokumalunga neemfuno ze-phytoplankton stoichiometric.Kwizinga lokubonelela ngokulinganayo, uluntu lulawulwa yi-diatoms (L).Xa umyinge wonikezelo ungalungelelananga (oko kukuthi, unikezelo lwesilicon lungaphantsi kunemfuno yezondlo ze-diatoms), i-diatoms i-akhawunti yesabelo esincinci kuphela seSabelo (K).Xa ukunikezelwa kwe-Fe kunye ne-P kudlula ukunikezelwa kwe-N (umzekelo, u-E no-H), ibhaktheriya ye-diazotrophic iya kukhula ngamandla.Ngomxholo obonelelwe yi-AEP, ukuphononongwa kweendlela zolawulo kuya kuba luncedo ngakumbi.
I-Eco-Province kunye ne-AEP ziindawo ezineziseko zoluntu ezifanayo.Uluhlu lwexesha olusuka kwindawo ethile kwiphondo leekholoji okanye i-AEP inokuthathwa njengendawo yesalathiso kwaye inokumela ummandla ogutyungelwe liphondo leekholoji okanye iAEP.Izikhululo zokujonga ixesha elide kwisiza zibonelela ngothotho lwexesha elinjalo.Iiseti zedatha yexesha elide kwi-situ ziya kuqhubeka nokudlala indima engenakubalwa.Ukususela kumbono wokubeka iliso kwisakhiwo soluntu, indlela ye-SAGE inokubonwa njengendlela yokunceda ukufumanisa indawo eluncedo kakhulu yeendawo ezintsha.Ngokomzekelo, uchungechunge lwexesha elivela kuvavanyo lwexesha elide lwe-oligotrophic (ALOHA) lukwi-AEP B yendawo ye-oligotrophic (Umfanekiso 5C, ilebula 2).Ngenxa yokuba i-ALOHA isondele kumda wenye i-AEP, uchungechunge lwexesha alunakumela indawo yonke, njengoko kucetyiswe ngaphambili (33).Kwi-AEP B efanayo, uchungechunge lwexesha SEATS (Southeast Asian Time Series) ifumaneka kumzantsi-ntshona weTaiwan (34), kude nemida yezinye ii-AEPs (Umfanekiso 5C, ileyibhile 1), kwaye ingasetyenziswa njengendawo engcono yokubeka iliso. AEPB.I-BATS (i-Bermuda Atlantic Time Series Study) (Umfanekiso we-5C, ileyibhile ye-4) kwi-AEPC isondele kakhulu kumda phakathi kwe-AEP C kunye ne-F, ebonisa ukuba ukubeka iliso kwi-AEP C usebenzisa uchungechunge lwexesha le-BATS lunokuba yingxaki ngokuthe ngqo.Isitishi P kwi-AEP J (Umfanekiso 5C, ileyibhile 3) sikude kumda we-AEP, ngoko ke imele ngakumbi.I-Eco-Province kunye ne-AEP inganceda ukuseka isakhelo sokuhlola esifanelekileyo sokuhlola utshintsho lwehlabathi, kuba imvume yamaphondo yokuvavanya apho isampuli kwisayithi inokubonelela ngeembono eziphambili.Indlela ye-SAGE ingaphuhliswa ngakumbi ukuba isetyenziswe kwidatha yemozulu ukuvavanya ukuguquguquka kokugcina ixesha.
Impumelelo yendlela ye-SAGE iphunyezwa ngokusetyenziswa ngononophelo kwenzululwazi yedatha/iindlela zeML kunye nolwazi oluthe ngqo kwisizinda.Ngokukodwa, i-t-SNE isetyenziselwa ukwenza ukunciphisa ubungakanani, obugcina ubume be-covariance yedatha ephezulu kwaye iququzelele ukubonwa kwe-covariance topology.Idatha icwangciswe ngendlela yemigca kunye ne-covariances (Umfanekiso 2A), ebonisa ukuba imilinganiselo esekelwe kumgama kuphela (njenge-K-indlela) ayifanelekanga kuba ngokuqhelekileyo isebenzisa i-Gaussian (isetyhula) yokusabalalisa isiseko (kuxoxwe kwiNqaku le-S2) .Indlela ye-DBSCAN ifanelekile kuyo nayiphi na i-covariance topology.Ngethuba nje ubeka ingqalelo ekumiseleni iiparamitha, ukuchongwa okuthembekileyo kunokubonelelwa.Iindleko zokubala ze-algorithm ye-t-SNE iphezulu, ekhawulela ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwangoku kwinani elikhulu ledatha, oku kuthetha ukuba kunzima ukuyifaka kwiindawo ezinzulu okanye eziguquguqukayo zexesha.Umsebenzi wokulinganisa we-t-SNE uyaqhubeka.Ekubeni umgama we-KL kulula ukuhambelana, i-algorithm ye-t-SNE inethuba elihle lokwandiswa kwixesha elizayo (35).Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ezinye iindlela ezithembisayo zokunciphisa ubungakanani obunokunciphisa ngcono ubungakanani ziquka iindlela ezidityanisiweyo zoqikelelo kunye noqikelelo (UMAP), kodwa uvavanyo kumxholo wedatha yolwandle luyimfuneko.Intsingiselo ye-scalability engcono, umzekelo, ukwahlula imozulu yehlabathi okanye iimodeli ezinobunzima obuhlukeneyo kumaleko adibeneyo.Iindawo ezisilelayo ukucalulwa ngu-SAGE kulo naliphi na iphondo zinokuthathwa njengamachaphaza amnyama aseleyo kuMfanekiso 2A.Ngokwejografi, le mimandla ikakhulu ikwimimandla enamaxesha onyaka amaninzi, nto leyo ecebisa ukuba ukuthathwa kwamaphondo eekholoji aguqukayo ekuhambeni kwexesha kuya kubonelela ngokhuseleko olungcono.
Ukuze kwakhiwe indlela ye-SAGE, iingcamango ezivela kwiinkqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi / isayensi yedatha isetyenzisiwe, kusetyenziswa ukukwazi ukumisela amaqoqo amaqela asebenzayo (amathuba okuba usondele kakhulu kwindawo ye-11-dimensional) kunye nokumisela amaphondo.La maphondo abonisa imiqulu ethile kwindawo yethu yesigaba se-3D t-SNE.Ngokufanayo, inxalenye yePoincaré ingasetyenziselwa ukuvavanya "umthamo" wendawo yombuso ehlala kwi-trajectory ukumisela ukuziphatha "okuqhelekileyo" okanye "chaotic" (36).Kwimveliso yemodeli ye-static 11-dimensional, umthamo owenziwe emva kokuba idatha iguqulwe ibe yindawo yesigaba se-3D inokuchazwa ngokufanayo.Ubudlelwane phakathi kommandla wejografi kunye nommandla kwisithuba sesigaba se-3D akulula, kodwa kunokuchazwa ngokuhambelana nokufana kwendalo.Ngesi sizathu, eyona ndlela iqhelekileyo ye-BC yokungafani iyakhethwa.
Umsebenzi wexesha elizayo uza kusebenzisa kwakhona indlela ye-SAGE yokutshintsha idatha ngamaxesha onyaka ukuhlola ukuguquguquka kwesithuba samaphondo achongiweyo kunye ne-AEP.Injongo yexesha elizayo kukusebenzisa le ndlela ukunceda ekumiseleni ukuba ngawaphi amaphondo anokumiselwa ngemilinganiselo yesathelayithi (efana neChl-a, iremote sensing reflectivity kunye nobushushu bolwandle).Oku kuya kuvumela uvavanyo lokuvalelwa kude kwamacandelo eekholoji kunye nokubekwa kweliso okubhetyebhetye kakhulu kwamaphondo eekholoji kunye nokwahluka kwawo.
Injongo yolu phando kukwazisa indlela ye-SAGE, echaza iphondo le-ecological ngokusebenzisa isakhiwo salo esisodwa seplankton yoluntu.Apha, ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nemodeli yomzimba / ye-biogeochemical / ecosystem kunye nokukhethwa kwepharamitha ye-t-SNE kunye ne-DBSCAN algorithms iya kunikwa.
Amalungu omzimba omfuziselo avela kuqikelelo lokujikeleza kolwandle kunye nemozulu [ECCOv4;(37) uqikelelo lwelizwe jikelele oluchazwe ngu (38).Isisombululo esiqhelekileyo soqikelelo lukarhulumente ngu-1/5.Indlela ye-squares encinci kunye ne-Lagrangian multiplier method isetyenziselwa ukufumana iimeko zokuqala kunye nemida kunye neeparitha zemodeli yangaphakathi ezihlengahlengiswa ngokuqwalaselwa, ngaloo ndlela ivelisa imodeli yomjikelo jikelele we-MIT (MITgcm) (39), imodeli Emva kokulungiswa, iziphumo zingakwazi. ukulandelelwa nokujongwa.
I-biogeochemistry/i-ecosystem inenkcazo epheleleyo (okt iequations kunye ne-parameter values) ku-(2).Imodeli ibamba ukujikeleza kwe-C, N, P, Si kunye ne-Fe ngokusebenzisa amachibi angabonakaliyo kunye ne-organic.Inguqulo esetyenziswe apha iquka iintlobo ze-35 ze-phytoplankton: iintlobo ze-2 ze-microprokaryotes kunye ne-2 iintlobo ze-microeukaryotes (ezifanelekileyo kwiindawo ezinomsoco ophantsi), iintlobo ze-5 ze-Cryptomonas sphaeroides (kunye ne-calcium carbonate coating), iintlobo ezi-5 ze-diazonium (Inokulungisa i-nitrogen, ngoko ayipheleliselwanga) ukufumaneka kwenitrogen enyityilisiweyo), iidiatom ezili-11 (ezenza isigqumathelo sesiliceous), iiflagellate ezili-10 ezixubene nezityalo (zinokwenza iphotosynthesize kwaye zitye ezinye iiplankton) kunye ne-16 Zooplankton (zitye kwenye iplankton).Ezi zibizwa ngokuba "ngamaqela asebenzayo e-biogeochemical" ngenxa yokuba zineempembelelo ezahlukileyo kwi-marine biogeochemistry (40, 41) kwaye zihlala zisetyenziswa kuphononongo kunye nemodeli.Kulo mzekelo, iqela ngalinye elisebenzayo liqulunqwe ngeeplankton ezininzi zobukhulu obuhlukeneyo, kunye ne-span ye-0.6 ukuya kwi-2500 μm elingana ne-spherical diameter.
Iiparamitha ezichaphazela ukukhula kwephytoplankton, idlelo kunye nokutshona zinxulumene nobukhulu, kwaye kukho umahluko othile phakathi kwamaqela amathandathu asebenzayo ephytoplankton (32).Ngaphandle kwezakhelo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba, iziphumo zeeplankton ze-51 zemodeli zisetyenziswe kwinani lezifundo zamva nje (42-44).
Ukususela ngo-1992 ukuya ku-2011, imodeli yokudibanisa ye-physical/biogeochemical/ecosystem coupling iqhube iminyaka engama-20.Imveliso yomzekelo ibandakanya i-plankton biomass, i-container concentration yezondlo kunye nezinga lokubonelela ngezondlo (DIN, PO4, Si kunye ne-Fe).Kolu phononongo, umndilili weminyaka engama-20 wezi ziphumo wasetyenziswa njengegalelo lePhondo leEcological.I-Chl, ukuhanjiswa kweplankton biomass kunye noxinzelelo lwezondlo kunye nokuhanjiswa kwamaqela asebenzayo xa kuthelekiswa nokuqwalaselwa kwesathelayithi kunye ne-in-situ [bona (2, 44), Qaphela i-S1 kunye nomfanekiso.S1 ukuya kwi-S3].
Indlela ye-SAGE, umthombo oyintloko wokungakhethi uvela kwinqanaba le-t-SNE.Ukungacwangciswanga kuthintela ukuphinda-phinda, okuthetha ukuba iziphumo azithembekanga.Indlela ye-SAGE ivavanya ngokungqongqo ukomelela ngokumisela isethi yeeparamitha ze-t-SNE kunye ne-DBSCAN, ezinokuthi zichonge ngokuqhubekayo amaqoqo xa ziphindwa.Ukumisela "i-perplexity" ye-t-SNE ipharamitha inokuqondwa njengokumisela iqondo apho imephu ukusuka phezulu ukuya kwimilinganiselo ephantsi kufuneka ihloniphe iimpawu zendawo okanye zehlabathi jikelele zedatha.Ifikelele ekubhidekeni kwama-400 kunye nama-300 aphindaphindwayo.
Kwi-algorithm ye-clustering DBSCAN, ubuncinci besayizi kunye ne-metric yomgama wamanqaku edatha kwiqela kufuneka limiselwe.Elona nani lincinci limiselwa phantsi kolawulo lweengcali.Olu lwazi luyazi ukuba yintoni ehambelana nesakhelo sangoku samanani kunye nesisombululo.Inani elincinci liyi-100. Ixabiso elincinci eliphezulu (ngaphantsi kwe-<135 ngaphambi kokuba umda ophezulu wohlaza ube banzi) unokuqwalaselwa, kodwa ayikwazi ukuthatha indawo yendlela yokudibanisa ngokusekelwe kwi-BC dissimilarity.Iqondo loxhulumaniso (Umfanekiso 6A) usetyenziselwa ukuseta ipharamitha ye-ϵ, ehambelana nokugubungela okuphezulu (Umfanekiso 6B).Uqhagamshelwano luchazwa njengenani elihlanganisiweyo lamaqela kwaye lunovakalelo kwipharamitha ye-ϵ.Uqhagamshelo olusezantsi lubonisa ukungonelanga, ukuhlanganisa imimandla kunye.Uqhagamshelo oluphezulu lubonisa ukugqithisa.Ukufakwa ngokugqithisileyo kukwayingxaki, kuba kubonisa ukuba uqikelelo lokuqala olungacwangciswanga lunokukhokelela kwiziphumo ezingenakuphinda ziveliselwe.Phakathi kwezi zimbini zigqithise, ukunyuka okubukhali (okubizwa ngokuba yi "elbow") kubonisa eyona ϵ.KuMzobo 6A, ubona ukwanda okubukhali kwindawo yethafa (etyheli,> 200 amaqela), kulandele ukuhla okubukhali (luhlaza, 100 amaqela), ukuya kuthi ga kwi-130, engqongwe ngamaqela ambalwa kakhulu (blue, <60 amaqela) ).Ubuncinci kwiingingqi ze-100 eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, nokuba iqela elinye lilawula ulwandle lonke (ϵ <0.42), okanye uninzi lolwandle aluhlelwanga kwaye luthathwa njengengxolo (ϵ> 0.99).Ummandla omthubi unokwabiwa kweqela eliguquguqukayo kakhulu, elingaveliyo.Njengoko i-ϵ iyancipha, ingxolo iyanda.Indawo eluhlaza ekhula ngokukhawuleza ibizwa ngokuba yingqiniba.Lo ngowona mmandla ufanelekileyo.Nangona kusetyenziswa ukwenzeka kwe-t-SNE, ukwahluka kwe-BC ngaphakathi kwiphondo kusenokusetyenziswa ukumisela ukuhlanganisana okuthembekileyo.Ukusebenzisa i-Figure 6 (A kunye ne-B), isethi ϵ ukuya kwi-0.39.Inani elincinci elincinci, lincinci ithuba lokufikelela kwi-ϵ evumela ukuhlelwa okuthembekileyo, kunye nendawo enkulu eluhlaza enexabiso elikhulu kune-135. ekhoyo.
Emva kokumisela i-parameters ye-t-SNE, inani elipheleleyo lamaqela afunyenweyo liya kusetyenziswa njengomlinganiselo woqhagamshelwano (A) kunye nepesenti yedatha eyabelwe i-cluster (B).Ichaphaza elibomvu libonisa indibaniselwano engcono kakhulu yokugubungela kunye nokudibanisa.Elona nani lincinane limiselwa ngokwelona nani lincinane elinxulumene ne-ikholoji.
Ukufumana imathiriyeli eyongezelelweyo yeli nqaku, nceda ubone http://advances.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/6/22/eaay4740/DC1
Eli linqaku elivulekileyo lokufikelela lisasazwe phantsi kwemiqathango yeLayisensi ye-Creative Commons Attribution.Inqaku livumela ukusetyenziswa okungathintelwanga, ukuhanjiswa, kunye nokuveliswa kwakhona kuyo nayiphi na indlela phantsi komqathango wokuba umsebenzi wokuqala ucatshulwe ngokufanelekileyo.
Qaphela: Sikucela kuphela ukuba usinike idilesi ye-imeyile ukuze umntu omcebisayo kwiphepha azi ukuba ufuna ukubona i-imeyile kwaye ayingospam.Asiyi kubamba naziphi na iidilesi ze-imeyile.
Lo mbuzo usetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ukuba ngaba ungumtyeleli kwaye uthintele ukuthunyelwa kwe-spam okuzenzekelayo.
I-Global Ministry of Marine Ecology izimisele ukusombulula iingxaki ezinzima kwaye isebenzisa iML engajongwanga ukuhlola izakhiwo zoluntu.
I-Global Ministry of Marine Ecology izimisele ukusombulula iingxaki ezinzima kwaye isebenzisa iML engajongwanga ukuhlola izakhiwo zoluntu.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-12-2021