Izitshalo zikatamatisi zingenwa kalula yizifo ze-foliar, ezingababulala noma ziphazamise isivuno.Lezi zinkinga zidinga izibulala-zinambuzane eziningi ezitshalweni ezivamile futhi zenza ukukhiqizwa kwezinto eziphilayo kube nzima kakhulu.
Ithimba lososayensi eliholwa yiNyuvesi yasePurdue likufakazele ukuthi utamatisi ungase uzwele kakhulu kulezi zinhlobo zezifo ngoba ulahlekelwe ukuvikelwa okunikezwa amagciwane athile enhlabathini.Abacwaningi bathole ukuthi izihlobo zasendle kanye notamatisi wasendle ohlobene kakhulu nesikhunta senhlabathi ekhangayo sikhula sibe sikhudlwana, futhi simelana kangcono nokuqala kwezifo nezifo kunezitshalo zesimanje.
ULori Hoagland, isekela likaprofesa wezolimo, wathi: “Lesi sikhunta sidla izitshalo zikatamatisi wasendle futhi siqinise amasosha azo omzimba.”“Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi sitshale utamatisi ukuze kwandiswe isivuno kanye ne-Flavour, kodwa kubukeka sengathi balahlekelwe amandla okuzuza kulawa ma-microorganisms enhlabathini.
U-Amit K. Jaiswal, umcwaningi we-postdoctoral e-Hoagland nasePurdue, wafaka i-25 ehlukene ye-tomato genotypes nge-fungus yomhlabathi enenzuzo i-Trichoderma harzianum, kusukela ohlotsheni lwasendle kuya ezinhlobonhlobo ezifuywayo ezindala nezindala, ezivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuvimbela izifo ezinonya ze-Fungal ne-bacterial.
Kwamanye amatamatisi ohlobo lwasendle, abacwaningi bathola ukuthi uma kuqhathaniswa nezitshalo ezingalashwanga, ukukhula kwezimpande zezitshalo eziphathwe ngesikhunta esizuzisayo kwakuphakeme ngo-526%, futhi ukuphakama kwesitshalo kwakungaphezulu kwama-90%.Ezinye izinhlobo zanamuhla zinezimpande ezikhula kuze kufike ku-50%, kanti ezinye azinakho.Ukuphakama kwezinhlobonhlobo zanamuhla kuye kwanda cishe ngo-10% -20%, okuphansi kakhulu kunezinhlobo zasendle.
Ngemva kwalokho, abacwaningi bethula amagciwane amabili e-pathogen esitshalweni: i-Botrytis cinerea (i-necrotic vegetative bacterium ebangela isikhunta esimpunga) kanye ne-Phytophthora (isikhunta esidala izifo) eyabangela lesi sifo ngeminyaka yawo-1840s indlala yamazambane ase-Ireland.
Ukumelana nohlobo lwasendle ku-Botrytis cinerea kanye ne-Phytophthora kukhuphuke ngo-56% no-94%, ngokulandelana.Kodwa-ke, i-Trichoderma empeleni inyusa izinga lesifo lezinhlobo ezithile ze-genotype, ngokuvamile ezitshalweni zesimanje.
U-Jaiswal uthe: "Sibone ukusabela okuphawulekayo kwezitshalo zasendle kusikhunta esizuzisayo, ngokukhula okuthuthukisiwe nokumelana nezifo."“Ngesikhathi sishintshela ezinhlotsheni ezifuywayo emikhakheni yonke, sabona ukuncipha kwezinzuzo.”
Ucwaningo lwenziwe nge-Tomato Organic Management and Improvement Project (TOMI) eholwa nguHoagland, ngenhloso yokwandisa isivuno kanye nokumelana nezifo kukatamatisi wemvelo.Ithimba le-TOMI lixhaswe yiNational Institute of Food and Agriculture yoMnyango Wezolimo wase-United States.Abacwaningi bayo baqhamuka ePurdue University, Organic Seed Alliance, North Carolina State University, University of Wisconsin-Madison, North Carolina A&T State University kanye ne-Oregon State University.
U-Hoagland uthe ithimba lakhe linethemba lokuhlonza isakhi sofuzo sikatamatisi wasendle esibhekele ukusebenzisana kwamagciwane enhlabathini bese siphinde silethe ezinhlobonhlobo zamanje.Ithemba liwukugcina izici abalimi abazikhethile izinkulungwane zeminyaka, kuyilapho kutholwa kabusha lezo zici ezenza izitshalo ziqine futhi zikhiqize kakhudlwana.
“Izitshalo nama-microorganisms asenhlabathini kungahlalisana ngezindlela eziningi futhi kuzuzisane, kodwa sibonile ukuthi izitshalo ezizalanisa izici ezithile ziyabuphula lobu buhlobo.Kwezinye izimo, singabona ukuthi ukwengeza ama-microbes empeleni kwenza izitshalo ezithile zikatamatisi ezifuywayo zibe sengozini yezifo, "kusho uHoagland.“Umgomo wethu uwukuthola nokubuyisela lezo zakhi zofuzo ezinganikeza lezi zitshalo izindlela ezingokwemvelo zokuvikela nokukhula ezazikhona kudala.”
Lo mbhalo uvikelwe yi-copyright.Ngaphandle kwanoma yikuphi ukuthengiselana okufanele ngezinjongo zokufunda ezizimele noma zocwaningo, akukho okuqukethwe okungakopishwa ngaphandle kwemvume ebhaliwe.Okuqukethwe okwereferensi kuphela.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-19-2021